Notes

Well being Effects of EMF Radiation
RF-EMF radiation can cause damaged DNA, heat to the tissues and even disrupt the blood-brain barrier. These effects are real and ARPANSA is actively involved within the EHS group, the medical experts, and researchers. The agency will continue to review research on the health effects caused by EMF radiation.

DNA damage is caused by RF-EMF
The exposure to electromagnetic fields created by humans (EMFs) is associated with DNA damage and other negative health adverse effects. EMFs can alter the intracellular ionic levels, which are essential to ensure a cell's electrochemical balance. In turn, this can disrupt cell homeostasis, resulting to DNA damage. Moreover, exposure to EMFs can also trigger the production of free radicals as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS).


Exposure to RF-EMF radiation has been linked with alterations in male germ cell development. This is due to the differentiation of the germ cell into spermatozoa as well as functional maturation as the spermatozoa travel throughout the epididymis. To investigate the effect of RF-EMF exposure on male germ cell development A specially designed waveguide machine was designed to expose non-restrained mice to RF-EME at 2.2 W/kg.

In a recent study researchers found exposure to RF-EME causes an oxidative DNA damage to spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation increased by 18% following one week of treatment and by 23 percent after 5 weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG).

However the fact that RF-EMF radiation isn't yet considered a carcinogen. But, numerous studies have revealed that exposure to RF-EMF can affect DNA integrity in a range of cell lines. In one study, scientists exposed Vero cells with an EMF of 100 Hz for 45 minutes. They evaluated DNA damage 48 hours after exposure to determine if exposure affected the integrity of DNA.

The effect of RF-EMF on tissue heating
Although the effects of RF EMF are usually believed as thermal in nature, some studies have demonstrated that non-thermal influences are also evident. These effects may account for certain of the unsolved findings in epidemiological studies on EMF hypersensitivity. It is therefore important to consider the non-thermal effects when conducting an exhaustive review.

The non-thermal effects of RF-EMF could occur at the cell membrane. This is a field of research that has been extensively investigated. In particular the electrochemical behavior of cell membranes has been investigated. It is believed that energy generated by RF-EMF greater than 1 MHz is transmitted to the tissue via dielectric and ionic dissipation. Studies of the theory have suggested that the energy transfer to the tissue could be up to 200 kV/m.

The electrical properties of tissues are controlled in the form and quantity of water molecules and ions, and other molecules in the body. This determines how absorbed RF EMR is by different tissues. Organs with greater conductivity are likely to absorb more of the field, and thus cause more of an effect. This is the reason why the amount of heating in tissues doesn't increase continuously from outside to inside the body and is only noticeable in hot spots. Bone and fatty tissues are less susceptible to heating by RF than other tissues, because they are low in water content.

The depth of penetration of the electromagnetic field is determined by the strength and frequency of field. Muscle tissue is more able to absorb field radiation than most tissues and transforms it into heat more efficiently. Typically emf sensitivity test of penetration that RFEMF has is measured as millimeters (mm). The greater the frequency, the shallower the penetration.

RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption
Researchers have found that RF-EMF can disrupt the blood-brain barrier which can alter sleep patterns and neurotransmitter levels. Furthermore the impacts of EMF affect brain function are associated with neurodegenerative disorders. For instance, EMF from mobile phones can affect electroencephalogram activity and sleep patterns, and the actions of nitric Oxide and xanthin oxide.

Researchers at Vienna University have studied the effects of RF-EMF exposure in brain cells. They also studied how ELF EMF on brain system. While the mechanisms of the cell involved are not completely comprehended but there is a clear association between ELF-EMF exposure and depletion of myelin. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. There are, however, proven methods for regenerating myelin inside the brain.

Researchers have observed that exposure to 900 millimeters EMF enhanced the permeability of the BBB and raised symptoms of neuronal damage in rodents. They also observed increased extravasation of albumin to neurons. Further, they found in 30 minutes exposure at 900 MHz 99mTc-MIBI accelerated its permeation to the cerebral cortex. However this effect didn't occur when using Evans blue-based injections.

However, RF-EMF does not have a clear mechanism to disrupt the BBB. The evidence suggests that nonthermal EMF exposure can increase erythrocyte membrane permeability, which could influence the BBB and enhance the efflux of calcium ions. Moreover, the presence of a 99mTc-MIBI radiotracer within the brain is also associated with an increase in the permeability of the BBB.

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