Notes

Black Holes, Dark Subject and Common Sense
Even as a youngster, I never thought much of the idea involving Space like a Machine. Apart from typically the philosophical considerations, it seemed obvious of which, if you had Something adjoining to Nothing, that Something would split itself apart striving to fill the Nothing. So, so far as I was concerned, we had two Globe - the Galaxy of the extremely Big (the stuff we could see) plus the World of the Very Small (the things we can't see). Latter, in the particular 60s, when high energy cyclotrons began spewing out sub-atomic allergens like confetti, We had my confirmation for the UVS.

Simultaneously, during the 50s, the very first time I saw an image of any spiral galaxy I though, "there's gotta be some thing really heavy" with its center. A new few years last mentioned I used to be lucky good enough to find a new semi-technical book describing both Einstein's Concept of Special Relativity fantastic Theory involving General Relativity instructions in, of almost all places, the publication section of a local department store. In those days, the 60s, information was a rare commodity - only three TELEVISION networks, very constrained lending libraries, and even no bookstore chains or computers or even anything approaching the particular Internet. If a person didn't live inside NYC, Chicago, UNA or an college or university town you had been quite much out involving luck as far as information seemed to be concerned. So I figured I'd struck pay dirt and to this very day My partner and i wonder how this kind of, for the moment, esoteric little amount reached that slim shelf.

I put over the reserve many a night with Poe's Typically the Raven echoing through my mind as I worked through typically the math. The publication also covered a few of the main implications of equally theories and one of people implications found my attention - the fate of stars larger as compared to 12 solar masses. In theory, they will collapse into Enormous Gravity Wells consequently heavy that even light could certainly not escape. The writer of the publication didn't buy that and referred to be able to the idea as a mathematical anomaly. I did buy this and, imagining a new spiral galaxy, observed the possibility not necessarily only of a Substantial Gravity Well from its center, but in addition the possibility associated with a Supermassive Gravity Well powering the particular entire galaxy. I had formed my "really heavy" something.

And this particular accounts for the name of this essay - Black Slots (Massive Gravity Wells), Dark Matter (the UVS) and both of them being, on concern, just plain outdated Common Sense.

Black Openings

Apart from following the emergence of Black Holes within the popular media and winching every time someone referred to Typically the Vacuum of Place, The fantastic Void or the Emptiness involving Space, I absolutely failed to give either concept much thought till, around 1996, We began to wonder, "what made the particular Big Bang go Bang? inch

I would always been keen on the Big Crunch/Big Bang School, so I'd always seen our Universe(s) since resulting from the exploding market of your Primordial Dark-colored Hole. But what made that PBH go BOOM? Plus, since Black Holes were our nearest analog, I commenced wondering, "What might make a Black color Hole go BOOM"?

It didn't consider long to figure out that, until I understood the Singularity, I couldn't answer that problem. Somehow, the Singularity had to include all of the particular mass with the Black Hole while, from the same time period, squeezing all of that subject into a thing that experienced no limit. As soon as the Strong Nuclear Force is breached, we have nothing at all that can stop typically the collapse of make a difference - but straight into what?

So, I began trying various models that would certainly allow the Dark Hole to preserve mass while ongoing great collapse and even nothing worked. My partner and i kept this upwards for couple associated with years, on and off, right up until finally, outside of stress, I imagined myself hopping onto a proton falling via the event écart. The proton continued to spaghettify even as we approached the Singularity, shedding energy in addition to mass, until, almost there, Woosh!, many of us slungshoot around in addition to sped back on the event horizon, getting mass and energy along the approach until, momentum put in, we fell again again towards typically the singularity.

This had been all a shock instructions Singularities are limitations, not parts of boundless density, and Charcoal Holes are maelstroms of matter, power and pressure : not the tired model of Event Horizon, inert place and Singularity.

When i hadn't figured out there Boom!, I performed have a viable model for the particular Black Hole by itself that has been not just theoretically possible although provable as well. In the event that I was appropriate, Black Holes would likely behave like any other semi-spherical object in the UVB -- they will bulge from their equators, waggle along their axis of rotation in addition to "pulse" slightly, the event horizons rising and falling as the percentage between mass and even energy varies extremely little.

Giving myself a gold celebrity, I slid this specific idea into the drawer for some sort of time - till the popular media became enamored by Darkish Matter.

Dark Issue

I'm not sure initially when i first started hearing about Dark Subject but I do bear in mind my initial re-action: how long can it take for the Cosmological Community to figure out typically the UVS? As associated with this writing (May 2009), they have not.

My second reaction was to believe, "I need to be able to write these things down and post that on the Internet". The title failed to take very extended but the content material rattled around during my head for a new couple of decades ?nternet site kept procrastinating.

Then, around 2003-4, I began ability to hear about Gamma Beam Bursts then one of the questions I'd personally had about Dark Holes was responded. At the period that I noticed that the "very large somethings" at the particular center of control galaxies were Supermassive Gravity Wells, My partner and i wondered if all those SMGWs had anything to do with all the formation of typically the galaxies as okay. Now I acquired the answer instructions Yes. The Gamma Ray bursts were in exactly the right place (star nurseries) at exactly the right time (9 -12 or 13 billion years ago) as the birthing meows of not simply Supermassive Black Holes, but in the get out of hand galaxies that will type around them and even again I wondered, how long can it take... Together with the same outcome and a restored resolve to create this stuff along.

The Age regarding the Whole world

For some reason, typically the news with the Gamma Ray Bursts brought on another question that I and every person else, especially Cosmologists, must have asked a long, long time back: "How have many of us managed to have 9 - 13 billion light decades faraway from anything found in only 9 : 12 billion decades? " Are many of us in some quirky way really moving at the acceleration of Light or, since Hubble initial discovered the Reddish colored Shift, has everyone been confusing Age with Distance?

First thing I did, if this question presented itself, was in order to go back plus re-examine every way of measuring the age associated with the UVB We could find, by Hubble's Constant in order to WMAP. In just about every case, those dimensions represented distance, not necessarily as well as the only number that matters, the average growth rate of the particular UVB, is a number we no longer have. Further, the only way we can estimate that number would be to measure how fast galaxies at various distances are generally moving away through one another, a project requiring the collection of so a lot of data points of which it would opponent the Genome Job.

As a determine of the effectiveness of longer held ideas plus despite being intellectually certain that we all simply could not necessarily have covered A light years associated with distance in X light many years of period, I still feel like I missed something. This moment, I don't expect the Cosmological Neighborhood to ever crash to the idea -- it's simply too embarrassing.

And the important implication of the idea is that the UVS, growing at an acceleration closer to the particular speed of sunshine as compared to all of the slow, heavy products from the UVB, is usually much bigger than typically the UVB.

The material of Space

This question of the Age of the Universe(s) eventually put an open fire under my ft and, in the spring of 2008, I started putting pixel to monitor. The result was the first version of Black Holes, Darker Matter and Practical, an essay verbose with the exposition showing how I arrived at my conclusions plus the addition of ideas jointly point led to one more.

One of individuals ideas was the Material of Space, the particular second shoe of The General Theory of Relativity (Gravity staying the first).

The information of Space, although clearly being the fact warped (curved) by Gravity of Substantial Objects, has by no means been seriously addressed by either part of Physics (Experimental, Theoretical) or by the Astronomical/Astrophysical/Cosmological Communities. It can simply been deemed unknowable and the particular fact that you cannot begin to recognize Gravity without comprehending the Fabric of Space was ignored.

Web site was explaining this found in BHDMCS. 1, the flash of creativity led me, eventually, to the conclusion that any universe of X dimensions would have to be able to be evenly thick if restricted to those X dimensions. More, matter can be massless, so no The law of gravity (shades in the Common Model). In order to have equally variations in thickness and Gravity, that universe would need to exist in the situation of X+1 measurements. This would permit variations in occurrence to extrude in to the X+1 dimension, enabling Gravity and giving matter mass. If that universe has spin, gravity becomes centrifugal power.

Holding that universe together is a frequent that limited typically the speed with which energy traveled by way of matter - vitality couldn't escape since it is contained by matter and matter couldn't get away because it may never reach of which constant and an individual get E=MC2 (amazing how often that little equation leaps up).

I had been amazed that the answer was thus simple - with regard to us, The Textile of Space is definitely a fourth spatial dimension.

Which brought to a full bushel of ramifications and also the fact of which I now a new complete, self-contained type for the Universe(s) all together, from Large Bang to Major Crunch.

In small, at the period of the best Hammer the Universe consisted of matter starting in size coming from nearly nothing (fermions really are a conceit involving the Standard Model) to a comparatively small number associated with Hydrogen and Helium nuclei. This Whole world quickly spilt directly into the UVS along with the UVB, with typically the UVS continuing in order to expand at near light-speed while the particular UVB (the Hydrogen and Helium nuclei) slowed and commenced to condense directly into gas clouds. At an exponential rate, the denser pockets in those clouds started to ignite as larger famous actors whose shorter and shorter lifetimes started producing bigger and bigger Black Holes. Occasionally, all those denser pockets gone straight through the particular star phase in addition to produced Supermassive Black Holes, which inside turn ignited even more stars in addition to began the creation of spiral galaxies.

The UVS continuing its expansion when all of this was going upon and became related to a marine upon which the UVB floats and expands. Ironically, the enlargement of the UVS signifies the formation of tiny vacuums between allergens, causing the particles to be able to divide in purchase to fill the vacuum (this firmly implies that typically the particles themselves are usually bubbles of electro-magnetic energy) until these really, really tiny particles reach typically the stage with their last division (when both sides of E=MC2 equal one for every single particle) and typically the expansion of the UVS slows to near nothing.

In the same time, the UVB continues its expansion, truly accelerating relative in addition to in inverse percentage to the slowing of the expansion involving the UVS right up until it circumnavigates typically the UVS and starts out forming a Déterminant Black Hole within a Big Crunch. As soon as this PBH offers consumed the UVB the two Universe(s) are united in addition to it will get started consuming the previous UVS. At check here of point, gravity is still a function of the former UVS, along with the PBH appearing an increasingly enormous pimple on typically the recombined Universe. Eventually, the mass still left within the former UVS will no longer be capable to sustain their gravity (relative to the PBH) and Growth!, the gravity from the Universe fails, igniting another Big Bang.

Implications

There usually are a lot involving implications to this specific scenario, probably the most disastrous applying to Portion Theory.

QT is founded on the assumption that Space is the Vacuum, the photon (which carries electro-magnetic energy through that will vacuum) and the particle/wave duality involving photons and bad particals. Once the hoover is gone, QT starts to disintegrate: photons shall no longer be necessary and particle/wave duality turns into particles surfing on waves. When those underpinnings are gone, replaced by the coherent physical model, the really, genuinely basic axioms associated with QT - that the sub-atomic planet can only be addressed mathematically and that the Observer determines your the wave/particle instructions fail.

QT starts, adepts and professionals are not proceeding to like this specific version of Reality and that is very funny since, from QT's inception, it's mimicked that Reality in such concepts seeing that Zero Point Energy (UVS bubbles involving electromagnetic energy scarcely quivering at E=1 and M=1), Segment Foam (the UVS in general) and Loop Quantum Gravity's Big Bounce (an analog for the Huge Crunch/Big Bang). The older Qt will get, the closer it seems to obtain to the model I'm proposing.

Ultimately, volumes may be written about the significance of these tips however I believe, the major factors have been built.

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Charles Kolsrud

May possibly 2009
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