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Health and fitness Effects of EMF Radiation
The radiation RF-EMF causes damaged DNA, heat to the tissues, and disrupt the blood-brain barrier. These are real-world effects, and ARPANSA is active in collaborating with the EHS group, the medical experts and researchers. ARPANSA will continue to examine research regarding the health effects caused by EMF radiation.

DNA damage is caused by RF-EMF
The exposure to electromagnetic fields created by humans (EMFs) is associated with DNA damage and other health adverse effects. EMFs can disrupt the intracellular ionic concentrations that are essential to ensure a cell's electrochemical balance. In Continue reading , this can cause disruption to cell homeostasis and result to DNA damage. Moreover, exposure to EMFs is also linked to an overproduction of free radicals as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Exposure to RF-EMF radiation has been linked with alterations in male germ cell development. This results in the development of germ cells into spermatozoa as well maturation of the functional aspect as spermatozoa move throughout the epididymis. To determine the effects of RF-EMF on male germ cells, a specially-built waveguide machine was designed to expose non-restrained mice to RF-EME at 2.2 W/kg.

In a recent study researchers have discovered exposure to RF-EME causes oxidative DNA damage in the spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation increased by 18% following one week of treatment and by 23 percent after five weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG).

However the fact that RF-EMF radiation isn't yet considered to be a carcinogen. However, numerous studies have found that exposure to RF-EMF radiation can damage the integrity of DNA in range of cell lines. In one study researchers exposed Vero cells to an EMF at 100 Hz over about 45 minutes. They measured DNA damage within 48 hours of exposure to determine if the exposure affected DNA integrity.


RF-EMF causes tissue heating
Although the effects of RF-EMF are usually believed to have thermal origins, a few studies have demonstrated that non-thermal influences are also evident. These may be the reason for some of the unsolved issues in the epidemiological study of EMF hypersensitivity. It is therefore important to look at the non-thermal aspects when conducting an exhaustive review.

The non-thermal effects of RF-EMF may occur at the cell membrane. This is a field which has already been thoroughly investigated. Particularly, the electrochemical behavior of cell membranes has been investigated. Current understanding suggests that energy generated by RF-EMF greater than 1 MHz is transmitted to the tissue via dielectric and ionic dissipation. Previous theoretical analyses indicated that the energy transferred to the tissue could be as high as 200 kV/m.

The electric properties of tissue are controlled in the form and quantity of water molecules and ions, and other molecules in the body. This determines how absorbent EMR RF is by various tissues. The tissues with the highest conductivity tend to absorb more field, and thus cause more of an impact. This is the reason why the amount of heat generated by tissue does not increase steadily from outside to inside and is only noticeable in hot spots. Bone and fatty tissue is less susceptible to RF heating than other tissues, because they are low in water content.

The extent of the field's electromagnetic energy is determined by the strength and frequency of field. Muscle tissue absorbs more field energy than other tissues and converts it to heat more efficiently. Usually the penetration depth of RF-EMF is measured as millimeters (mm). However, the higher the frequency, the deeper the penetration.

RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption
Researchers have discovered that RF-EMF can alter the blood-brain-barrier which can alter sleep patterns and neurotransmitter levels. In addition the impacts of EMF affect brain function have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders. For instance, EMF from mobile phones could affect the electroencephalogram's activity and sleep patterns, in addition to the actions of nitric Oxide and xanthin oxidase.

Researchers at Vienna University have studied the effects of exposure to RF-EMF on brain cells. They also studied the effects of ELF EMFs on the brain system. Though the cellular mechanisms that are involved aren't fully understood but there is a clear association between ELF-EMF exposure and myelin depletion. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. There are, however, proven methods for regenerating myelin within the brain.

Researchers have found that exposure to frequencies of 900 millimeters EMF increased the permeability of BBB and raised signs of neuronal damage in rats. They also observed increased extravasation of albumin to neurons. Additionally, they observed the following: after about 30 min of 900 MHz exposure 99mTc-MIBI accelerated its diffusion in the cortex. However, this effect did not occur when using Evans blue injections.

Despite these findings, RF-EMF is not able to provide a definitive method for disrupting the BBB. Research suggests that EMF exposure may increase erythrocyte cell membrane permeability. This could affect the BBB and increase the efflux of calcium-ion. Additionally, the presence of a 99mTc-MIBI radiotracer within the brain has been connected to an increase in the permeability of BBB.

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