Notes

Wellness Effects of EMF Radiation
RF-EMF radiation can cause DNA damage, tissue heating and alter the blood-brain barrier. These effects are real and ARPANSA is actively engaged within the EHS group, the medical specialists and researchers. ARPANSA will continue to study research related to the health effects of EMF radiation.

RF-EMF causes DNA damage
Exposure to man-made electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are associated with DNA damage as well as health effects. EMFs can alter the intracellular ionic levels that are essential to ensure a cell's electrochemical balance. In turn, this can cause disruption to cell homeostasis and result damages to the DNA. Additionally, exposure to EMFs can also trigger an overproduction of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

The exposure to radiation from RF-EMF has been linked with alterations in male germ cell development. This is due to the transformation of germ cells into spermatozoa, as well functional maturation when the spermatozoa move through the epididymis. To study the effect of RF-EMF exposure on male germ cells, a specifically-designed waveguide machine was constructed for the exposure of mice that were not restrained to RF-EME at 2.2 W/kg.

In a recent study researchers discovered that exposure to RF-EME caused an oxidative DNA injury in the spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation was increased by 18% after a week of treatment, and by 23 percent after 5 weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG).

Although RF-EMF radiation is not yet classified as a cancer-causing agent. However, several studies have shown that exposure to RF-EMF can affect DNA health in range of cell lines. In one of these studies, scientists subjected Vero cells to an EMF that was 100Hz, for about 45 minutes. They assessed DNA damage for 48 hours after exposure to determine if exposure affected DNA integrity.

The RF-EMF effect causes the heating of tissues
While the effects of RF EMF are usually considered to have thermal origins, some studies have revealed that non-thermal influences are also observed. These effects may account for some of the unresolved observations in epidemiological studies on EMF hypersensitivity. This is why it is crucial to consider the non-thermal effects when conducting a systematic review.

The non-thermal effects of RF-EMF could be felt at the cell's membrane. This is a field of research that has been thoroughly investigated. In particular, the electrochemical behavior of cell membranes is being studied. Current understanding suggests that energy from RF-EMF higher than 1 MHz is transferred to the tissue through dielectric as well as the dissipation of ions. Studies of the theory have suggested that the energy that is transferred to the tissue could be as high as 200 kV/m.


The electrical properties of tissues are regulated in the form and quantity of water molecules and ions and other substances in the body. This determines how absorbent RF EMR is by different tissues. The tissues with the highest conductivity tend to absorb more of the EMR field and produce more of an effect. This is why the degree of heating in tissues doesn't increase continuously from outside to inside the body, but occurs in hot spots. Bone and fatty tissue is less susceptible to RF heating than other tissues because they have a low water content.

The intensity of penetration of electromagnetic fields depends on the strength and frequency of field. Muscle tissue absorbs more energy than other tissues, and converts it into heat more effectively. Typically the penetration depth for RF EMF is determined in millimeters (mm). However, the higher the frequency, the shallower the penetration.

RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption
Researchers have discovered that RF-EMF could disrupt the blood-brain barrier, altering sleep patterns and neurotransmitter levels. In addition, the effects on the effects of EMF affect brain function have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, EMF from mobile phones can alter electroencephalogram activity as well as sleep patterns, and the actions of nitric Oxide and xanthin oxidase.

Researchers at the Vienna University have studied the effects of exposure to RF-EMF to brain cells. They also studied what effects ELF EMFs on the nervous system. Although the cellular mechanisms involved are not completely understood but there is a clear association between ELF-EMF exposure and depletion of myelin. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. There are, however, proven methods for regenerating myelin within the brain.

Researchers have found that exposure to frequencies of 900 MHz EMF caused a rise in the permeability of BBB and also increased the indicators of neuronal injury in rats. They also observed an increase in the extravasation of albumin into neurons. Additionally, Proteck'd Apparel observed that after 30 minutes of 900 MHz exposure 99mTcMIBI increased its penetration to the cerebral cortex. But, this effect did not occur with Evans blue injections.

Despite these findings, RF-EMF has no clear method for disrupting the BBB. The evidence suggests that nonthermal EMF exposure increases erythrocyte membrane permeability, which may affect the BBB and enhance the efflux of calcium ions. Additionally, the presence of a 99mTc-MIBI radiotracer within the brain has also been linked to increasing the permeability of the BBB.

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