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Wellness Effects of EMF Radiation
RF-EMF radiation can cause DNA damage, tissue heating, and disrupt the blood-brain barrier. These effects are real, and ARPANSA is actively engaged within the EHS communities, medical specialists, and researchers. The agency will continue to examine research regarding the health impacts of EMF radiation.

RF-EMF damages DNA
The exposure to electromagnetic fields created by humans (EMFs) can cause DNA damage, as well as other health adverse effects. EMFs can affect the intracellular ionic levels that are vital to maintain the balance of electrochemical activity in cells. In turn, this can cause disruption to cell homeostasis and result to DNA destruction. Additionally, exposure to EMFs is also associated with an overproduction of free radicals as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Exposure to RF-EMF radiation has been linked to changes in the development of male germ cells. This results in the transformation of germ cells into spermatozoa, aswell functioning maturation as spermatozoa move across the epididymis. To investigate the effect of RF-EMF exposure on the development of male germ cells, a specifically-designed waveguide machine was designed for the purpose of exposing mice that were not restrained to RF-EME at 2.2 W/kg.

In a recent study, researchers discovered that exposure to RF-EME causes the oxidative DNA damage of the spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation increased by 18% after an entire week of treatment and by 23% after five weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG).

Despite this, the RF-EMF radiation has not yet been classified as a cancer-causing agent. However, numerous studies have revealed that exposure to RF-EMF can affect the integrity of DNA in range of cell lines. In one study, scientists were exposed Vero cell lines to EMF at 100 Hz over about 45 minutes. They measured DNA damage 48 hours after exposure to determine whether the exposure affected DNA integrity.


RF-EMF causes tissue heating
Although the effects of RF-EMF are usually thought as thermal in nature, a few studies have revealed that non-thermal effects may also be evident. These effects may account for some of the unresolved observations in the epidemiological study of EMF hypersensitivity. This is why it is crucial to take into account non-thermal effects when conducting an exhaustive review.

The non-thermal effects of RF-EMF may occur at the cell membrane. This is a field of research that has been thoroughly examined. Particularly, the electrochemical behavior of cell membranes is being studied. It is believed that energy from RF-EMF that exceeds 1 MHz is transferred to the tissue via dielectric and Ionic dissipation. Previous theoretical analyses indicated that the energy that is transferred to the tissue could be as high as 200 kV/m.

The electric properties of tissues are controlled by the composition and distribution of water molecules, ions, and other molecules in the body. This determines how absorbent EMR RF is by various tissues. Organs with greater conductivity are likely to absorb more EMR field and produce more of an impact. This is the reason why the amount of tissue heating does not increase steadily from outside to inside the body, but occurs in hot areas. Bone and fatty tissue is less susceptible to heating by RF than other tissues, because they have a low water content.

The depth of penetration of electromagnetic fields is determined by the frequency and strength of field. Muscle tissue absorbs more field energy than other tissues, and converts it into heat more effectively. Typically the depth of penetration that RFEMF has is measured by millimeters (mm). However, the higher the frequency, the deeper the penetration.

RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption
Researchers have discovered that RF EMF can disrupt the blood-brain barrier, altering sleep patterns and neurotransmitter levels. Additionally the impacts on the effects of EMF in brain activities have been associated with neurodegenerative disorders. For example, EMF from mobile phones could affect the electroencephalogram's activity and sleep patterns, in addition to the activities of nitric oxide and xanthin oxidase.

Researchers from the Vienna University have studied the effects of exposure to RF-EMF in brain cells. They also looked at how ELF EMF on brain system. Although the cellular mechanisms that play a role are not fully understood however, there is an obvious association between ELF-EMF exposure and depletion of myelin. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. There are, however, proven methods for regenerating myelin inside the brain.

Researchers have observed that exposure to frequencies of 900 Mhz EMF enhanced the permeability of BBB and also increased the symptoms of neuronal damage in rodents. They also observed increased exovasation of albumin to neurons. Further, they found that after 30 minutes of exposure at 900 MHz, 99mTc-MIBI increased its diffusion to the cerebral cortex. However this effect did not occur with Evans blue injections.

Despite these findings, RF EMF does not have a clear mechanism for disrupting the BBB. The evidence suggests that nonthermal EMF exposure may increase erythrocyte cell membrane permeability, which could affect the BBB and enhance the efflux of calcium-ion. Additionally, emf poisoning symptoms of a 99mTc-MIBI radiotracer within the brain has also been connected to an increase in the permeability and permeability of the BBB.

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