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Health Effects of EMF Radiation
The radiation RF-EMF causes damage to DNA, increase the temperature of tissues and even disrupt the blood brain barrier. These effects are real and ARPANSA is actively engaged within the EHS community, medical experts as well as researchers. The agency will continue to review research on the health effects of EMF radiation.

RF-EMF causes DNA damage
Exposed to man-made electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are associated with DNA damage as well as adverse health consequences. EMFs can disrupt the intracellular ionic levels, which are crucial to maintain the balance of electrochemical activity in cells. This can alter the balance of cell metabolism, resulting damages to the DNA. Additionally exposure to EMFs can cause an increase in the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Exposure to RF-EMF radiation has been linked to changes in male germ cell development. emf sensitivity symptoms is due to the differentiation of the germ cell into spermatozoa as well functional maturation when the spermatozoa move across the epididymis. To investigate the sensitivity of RF-EMF exposure to male germ cell development, a specially-built waveguide machine was designed for the purpose of exposing unrestrained mice to RF-EME in the range of 2.2 W/kg.

In a recent study researchers have discovered that exposure to RF-EME caused an oxidative DNA injury in the spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation increased by 18% after one week of treatment and by 23% after 5 weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG).

Although the radiation emitted by RF-EMF isn't yet considered to be a carcinogen. But, several studies have shown that exposure to RF-EMF can affect DNA integrity in a variety of cell varieties. In one such study, scientists exposed Vero cell lines to EMF of 100 Hz for about 45 minutes. They assessed DNA damage for within 48 hours of exposure to determine whether the exposure affected the integrity of DNA.


The effect of RF-EMF on tissue heating
While the effects of RF-EMF are generally considered to have thermal origins, a few studies have demonstrated that non-thermal effects are also present. These effects may account for some of the unresolved issues in epidemiological studies of EMF hypersensitivity. This is why it is crucial to look at the non-thermal aspects when conducting an exhaustive review.

The non-thermal effects of RF-EMF may be felt at the cell's membrane. This is an area which has already been extensively studied. Particularly the electrochemical behavior of cell membranes has been investigated. It is believed that energy from RF-EMF higher than 1 MHz is transferred to the tissue through dielectric and the dissipation of ions. Previous theoretical analyses indicated that the energy transfer to the tissue could be as high as 200 kV/m.

The electrical properties of tissues are regulated through the distribution and composition of water molecules, and other molecules within the body. This determines how absorbent RF EMR is by different tissues. Tissues with higher conductivity tend to absorb more EMR field and produce more of an impact. This is why the level of tissue heating is not constant between the outside and inside the body and is only noticeable in hot spots. Bone and fatty tissues are less susceptible to heating by RF than other tissues because they have a low water content.

The intensity of the field's penetration depends on the frequency and strength of the field. Muscle tissue is more able to absorb field energies than the other tissue, and converts it into heat more effectively. Usually, the depth of penetration that RFEMF has is measured by millimeters (mm). But, the greater the frequency, the more shallow the penetration.

RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption
Researchers have found that RF-EMF can alter the blood-brain-barrier change sleep patterns as well as neurotransmitter levels. Additionally the impacts that EMF in brain activities have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, EMF from mobile phones can affect electroencephalogram activity and sleep patterns, as well as the activity of nitric oxide and xanthin oxide.

Researchers from the Vienna University have studied the effects of RF-EMF exposure on brain cells. They also studied what effects ELF EMF on nervous system. While the mechanisms of the cell that play a role are not fully known but there is a clear relationship between exposure to ELF EMF and myelin depletion. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. However, there are proven methods for regenerating myelin within the brain.

Researchers have discovered that exposure to 900 Mhz EMF enhanced the permeability of BBB and also increased the indicators of neuronal injury in rats. They also observed increased extravasation of neuronal albumin. Further, they found the following: after 30 mins of exposure at 900 MHz 99mTc-MIBI accelerated its penetration into the brain. But this effect didn't happen with Evans blue-based injections.

Despite these findings, RF EMF is not able to provide a definitive mechanism for disrupting the BBB. Evidence suggests that non-thermal EMF exposure may increase erythrocyte cell membrane permeability, which could alter the BBB and enhance the efflux of calcium-ion. Additionally, the presence of a 99mTcMIBI radiotracer inside the brain has been associated with an increase in the permeability of the BBB.

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