Notes

Health Effects of EMF Radiation
RF-EMF radiation can cause damages to DNA and tissue, and disrupt the blood-brain barrier. These are real-world effects, and ARPANSA is active in collaborating in discussions with EHS group, the medical professionals and researchers. ARPANSA will continue to study research related to the health effects of EMF radiation.

RF-EMF causes DNA damage
exposed to electromagnetic fields that are created by man (EMFs) are associated with DNA damage, as well as other adverse health adverse effects. EMFs can disrupt the intracellular ionic concentrations that are vital to maintain a cell's electrochemical balance. In turn, this can cause disruption to cell homeostasis and result to DNA damage. Furthermore, exposure to EMFs can also trigger an overproduction of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Exposure to RF-EMF radiation has been associated with changes in male germ cell development. This is due to the development of germ cells into spermatozoa, aswell as functional maturation as the spermatozoa move across the epididymis. To study the effects of RF-EMF on male germ cells, a specially-built waveguide machine was constructed for the exposure of unrestrained mice to RF-EME in the range of 2.2 W/kg.

In a recent study researchers found that exposure to RF-EME triggered oxidative DNA damage in spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation increased by 18% following one week of treatment and by 23% after 5 weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG).

Despite this, RF-EMF radiation is not yet considered a carcinogen. However, several studies have found that exposure to RF-EMF can affect DNA health in range of cell varieties. In one study researchers subjected Vero cells with an EMF that was 100Hz, for about 45 minutes. They assessed DNA damage for 48 hours after exposure to determine if exposure affected DNA integrity.

The effect of RF-EMF on tissue heating
Although the effects of RF-EMF are generally thought to be thermal, a few studies have revealed that non-thermal influences are also present. These may be the reason for some of the unresolved observations in epidemiological studies of EMF hypersensitivity. This is why it is crucial to take into account non-thermal effects when conducting systematic reviews.

The non-thermal effects of the RF-EMF can be mediated by the cell membrane. This is an area where research has been extensively examined. Particularly the electrochemical behavior of cell membranes is being studied. Current understanding suggests that RF-EMF energy higher than 1 MHz gets transferred into the tissues through dielectric dissipation and ionic discharge. Studies of the theory have suggested that the energy transfer to tissues could be up to 200 kV/m.

The electric properties of tissues are regulated through the distribution and composition of water molecules, and other molecules within the body. This determines how well absorbed RF EMR is by different tissues. Organs with greater conductivity are likely to absorb more field, and thus cause more of an impact. This is why the level of tissue heating doesn't increase continuously from outside to inside the body and is only noticeable in hot spots. emf exposure symptoms and fatty tissues are less susceptible to heating by RF than other tissues because they are low in water content.

The intensity of the field's electromagnetic energy depends on the frequency and strength of the field. Muscle tissue absorbs more field energy than other tissues, and converts it into heat more efficiently. Usually the depth of penetration for RF EMF is determined in millimeters (mm). But, the greater the frequency, the deeper the penetration.

RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption
Researchers have found that RF EMF can disrupt the blood-brain barrier, altering sleep patterns and neurotransmitter levels. Additionally to this, the effects on the effects of EMF affect brain function are associated with neurodegenerative disorders. For example, EMF from mobile phones can alter electroencephalogram activity as well as sleep patterns, and the actions of nitric Oxide and xanthin oxidase.

Researchers from the Vienna University have studied the effects of RF-EMF exposure on brain cells. They also looked at how ELF EMF on brain system. While the mechanisms of the cell involved are not completely understood, there is a clear relationship between exposure to ELF EMF and myelin depletion. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. However, there are known methods to regenerate myelin inside the brain.

Researchers have observed that exposure to frequencies of 900 MHz EMF increased the permeability of the BBB and raised signs of neuronal damage in rats. They also observed an increase in the extravasation of albumin to neurons. Furthermore, they discovered in 30 minutes exposure at 900 MHz, 99mTc-MIBI increased its penetration to the cerebral cortex. However, this effect did not occur when using Evans blue-based injections.


However, RF-EMF is not able to provide a definitive mechanism to disrupt the BBB. Evidence suggests that non-thermal EMF exposure may increase erythrocyte cell membrane permeability, which may alter the BBB and increase calcium ion efflux. Furthermore, the presence a 99mTc-MIBI radiotracer in the brain has been connected to increased permeability and permeability of the BBB.

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