Notes

Wellness Effects of EMF Radiation
The radiation from RF-EMF can cause damaged DNA, heat to the tissues and even disrupt the blood-brain barrier. These effects are real, and ARPANSA is actively involved in discussions with EHS community, medical professionals and researchers. The agency will continue review research on the health impacts of EMF radiation.

DNA damage is caused by RF-EMF

Exposure to man-made electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can cause DNA damage as well as health adverse effects. EMFs can alter the intracellular ionic concentrations that are crucial to maintain the electrochemical balance of cells. This can cause disruption to cell homeostasis and result in DNA damage. Moreover, exposure to EMFs can also trigger the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

The exposure to radiation from RF-EMF has been associated with changes in the male germ cell's development. This results in the transformation of germ cells into spermatozoa as well as functional maturation as the spermatozoa travel across the epididymis. To investigate the effect of RF-EMF exposure on male germ cell development, a specially-built waveguide machine was designed to expose unrestrained mice to RF-EMF at 2.2 W/kg.

In a study that was conducted recently, researchers discovered that exposure to RF-EME triggered the oxidation of DNA in the spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation increased by 18% following one week of treatment and by 23 percent after 5 weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG).

However it isn't yet considered to be a carcinogen. But, numerous studies have found that exposure to RF-EMF radiation can damage DNA integrity in a variety of cell types. In one study researchers exposed Vero cells to an EMF that was 100Hz, for 45 minutes. They measured DNA damage at 48 hours following exposure to determine if the exposure had a negative effect on DNA integrity.

The RF-EMF effect causes the heating of tissues
Although the effects of RF-EMF are usually believed as thermal in nature, some studies have shown that non-thermal effects may also be evident. These factors could be responsible for certain of the unsolved findings in the epidemiological study of EMF hypersensitivity. It is therefore important to consider the non-thermal effects when conducting an exhaustive review.

The non-thermal effects of RF-EMF could occur at the cell membrane. This is a field of research that has been thoroughly examined. In particular, the electrochemical behavior of cell membranes has been investigated. Current understanding suggests that energy generated by RF-EMF greater than 1 MHz is transferred to tissues via dielectric and ionic dissipation. Studies of the theory have suggested that the energy transferred to the tissue could be as high as 200 kV/m.

symptoms of emf of tissues are regulated by the composition and distribution of water molecules, ions and other molecules inside the body. This determines how absorbent EMR RF is by various tissues. Tissues with higher conductivity tend to absorb more field and cause more of an impact. This is the reason why the amount of heat generated by tissue is not constant as it moves from the exterior to, but occurs in hot spots. Bone and fatty tissues are less susceptible to heating by RF than other tissues because they have a low water content.

The extent of the field's electromagnetic energy depends on the frequency and strength of field. Muscle tissue absorbs more energies than the other tissue and converts it into heat more efficiently. Typically the penetration depth that RFEMF has is measured as millimeters (mm). However, the higher the frequency, the deeper the penetration.

RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption
Researchers have discovered that RF-EMF could disrupt the blood-brain barrier which can alter sleep patterns and neurotransmitter levels. In addition to this, the effects on the effects of EMF affect brain function have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. For example, EMF from mobile phones can affect electroencephalogram activity and sleep patterns, in addition to the activities of nitric oxide and xanthin oxidase.

Researchers at Vienna University have studied the effects of exposure to RF-EMF to brain cells. They also examined what effects ELF EMFs on the brain system. Though the cellular mechanisms that are involved aren't fully comprehended however, there is an obvious association between ELF-EMF exposure and myelin depletion. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. However, there are tested methods to regenerate myelin within the brain.

Researchers have observed that exposure to frequencies of 900 millimeters EMF increased the permeability of BBB and caused an increase in signs of neuronal damage in rats. They also observed increased extravasation of neuronal albumin. Additionally, they observed the following: after about 30 min of 900 MHz exposure 99mTc-MIBI accelerated its permeation in the cortex. However, this effect did not happen with Evans blue injections.

Despite these findings, RF EMF is not able to provide a definitive mechanism for disrupting the BBB. Research suggests that EMF exposure may increase erythrocyte cell membrane permeability, which could alter the BBB and increase calcium ion efflux. Furthermore, the presence a 99mTc-MIBI radiotracer in the brain has also been linked to increasing the permeability of BBB.

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