Notes

Well being Effects of EMF Radiation
RF-EMF radiation can cause damage to DNA, heat up of tissues and alter the blood brain barrier. These effects are real, and ARPANSA is active in collaborating in discussions with EHS communities, medical professionals and researchers. The agency will continue to examine research regarding the health impacts of EMF radiation.

RF-EMF damages DNA
Exposure to man-made electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are associated with DNA damage, as well as other adverse health consequences. EMFs can alter intracellular ionic concentrations, which are vital to maintain the electrochemical balance of cells. This can alter the balance of cell metabolism, resulting damages to the DNA. Moreover, exposure to EMFs is also associated with an increase in the production of free radicals as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS).

The exposure to radiation from RF-EMF has been linked with alterations in the male germ cell's development. This involves the development of germ cells into spermatozoa, as well as functional maturation as the spermatozoa move across the epididymis. To determine the effect of RF-EMF exposure on male germ cell development, a specifically-designed waveguide machine was constructed for the exposure of mice that were not restrained to RF-EME in the range of 2.2 W/kg.

In a study that was conducted recently, researchers discovered that exposure to RF EME caused the oxidative DNA damage of the spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation increased by 18% following an entire week of treatment and by 23% after five weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG).

However, the radiation emitted by RF-EMF isn't yet recognized as a true carcinogen. But, several studies have revealed that exposure to RF-EMF can affect DNA integrity in a variety of cell varieties. In one study scientists were exposed Vero cells with an EMF at 100 Hz over about 45 minutes. They assessed DNA damage for 48 hours after exposure to determine if exposure affected the integrity of DNA.

The RF-EMF effect causes the heating of tissues
While the effects of RF EMF are typically thought to be thermal, a few studies have demonstrated that non-thermal influences are also observed. These may be the reason for certain of the unsolved findings in epidemiological studies on EMF hypersensitivity. It is therefore important to consider the non-thermal effects when conducting an extensive review.

The non-thermal effects that RF-EMF can have may be felt at the cell's membrane. This is a field where research has been thoroughly studied. In https://www.proteckd.com/blogs/emf/electromagnetic-sensitivity of cell membranes is being studied. It is believed that energy from RF-EMF greater than 1 MHz is transmitted to the tissue through dielectric and Ionic dissipation. Studies of the theory have suggested that the energy that is transferred to tissues could be up to 200 kV/m.

The electric properties of tissues are controlled by the composition and distribution of water molecules, ions, and other molecules in the body. This determines how absorbent RF EMR is by different tissues. Tissues with higher conductivity tend to absorb more field, and thus cause more of an impact. This is why the level of tissue heating doesn't increase continuously between the outside and inside the body, but occurs in hot spots. Bone and fatty tissue is less prone to RF heating than other tissues because they are low in water content.

The depth of penetration of electromagnetic fields depends on the strength and frequency of the field. Muscle tissue absorbs more energy than other tissues and transforms it into heat more effectively. Typically the depth of penetration that RFEMF has is measured as millimeters (mm). However, the greater the frequency, the more shallow the penetration.

RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption
Researchers have discovered that RF EMF can disrupt the blood-brain barrier, altering sleep patterns and neurotransmitter levels. Additionally, the effects that EMF in brain activities have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases. For example, EMF from mobile phones could affect the electroencephalogram's activity and sleep patterns, as well as the actions of nitric Oxide and xanthin oxidase.

Researchers at Vienna University have studied the effects of exposure to RF-EMF on brain cells. They also examined what effects ELF EMFs on the brain system. Although the cellular mechanisms that play a role are not fully known however, there is an obvious relationship between exposure to ELF EMF and depletion of myelin. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. Fortunately, there are some tested methods to regenerate myelin within the brain.

Researchers have found that exposure to the frequency of 900 Mhz EMF increased the permeability of BBB and also increased the indicators of neuronal injury in rodents. They also observed an increase in the extravasation of albumin to neurons. Furthermore, they discovered the following: after 30 mins of exposure to 900 MHz 99mTcMIBI increased its penetration to the cerebral cortex. However, this effect did not occur with Evans blue-based injections.


However, RF-EMF does not have a clear mechanism for disrupting the BBB. Evidence suggests that non-thermal EMF exposure may increase erythrocyte cell membrane permeability, which may influence the BBB and also increase the efflux of calcium ions. Furthermore, the presence a 99mTc-MIBI radiotracer within the brain is also associated with an increase in the permeability of the BBB.

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