Notes

(6.4 - 6.6)
Multiple intelligences
- Gardner: verbal, mathematical, musical, spatial, kinesthetic, insight re: self, others, environment
- Stemberg: analytical, creative, practical
- others: social or emotional intelligence

(7.1-7.2)
- memory: persistence of learning over time through STORAGE and RETRIEVAL of information
- three-stage processing model of memory: encoding, storage, retrieval
- encoding: ebbignhaus found:
- spacing is important (longer spaces between rehearsals results in better retention)
- serial position effect (first and last remembered best, since one is rehearsed more often and
one is more recent)
- for verbal information in encoding, "what it means" works best (semantic), especially if self-referent; "putting it in own words" forces meaning
- emotional memories: stress hormones boost learning and memory (more glucose fuels brain activity, creating more synaptic changes or LTP sites)
- implicit vs explicit memories: learning mechanisms (pathways) for procedural and declarative memories are different

(7.3 - 7.4)
- ethical questions regarding eyewitness testimony: contamination, suggestibility; misinformation effect (includes leading questions)
- ethical issues related to repressed memories: false memory syndrome (contamination, suggestibility); conditioning (hits, misses, correct rejections, false alarms)
- what if you can't create new memories: anterograde vs retrograde amnesia

(8.1 - 8.2)
- cognitive capabilities and associated brain development are required before certain tasks are possible
Preoperational Thought
- egocentrism - cant take another's perspective
- centration - tendency to focus on only one dimension of reality
- irreversibility - inability to imagine reversing the physical action
- perceptually bound - use appearances rather than systematic reasoning, perceptual cues rather than logical principles in drawing conclusions
- ana & destiny: preconventional/postconventional stages of moral development

(8.3 - 8.4)
- crystalized vs fluid intelligence

(9.1 - 9.4)
- categories of disorder
- anorexia nervosa: 15% below normal body weight
- bulimia nervosa: emotional disorder involving body image distortion; involves some form of
purging
- binge eating: no form of purging evident
- activity disorder: more likely to include men, may be correlated with one of the above
- emotions derive from a combination of physiology, cognitions, and expressive behaviors, typically
reactionary
- mood is emotion over time
-proposed two dimensions of emotional quality