Notes

REVIEWERS IN EAPP!

What is an ACADEMIC WRITING?
A process that starts with posing a question, problematizing, evaluating, and ends with an answer. THINKING

ACADEMIC WRITTINGS:
1. ARTICLES - offers result of research and integration on a specific study that could impact or provide relevance to nation-building.
2. CONFERENCE PAPERS- presented in scholarly conferences that may be revised for possible publications.
3. REVIEWS - shows analysis of other published journals or any concept
4. DISSERTATIONS- personal study of an individual who is a candidate for a university degree.

The four main types of academic writing are DESCRIPTIVE, ANALYTICAL, PERSUASIVE and CRITICAL. Each of these types of writing has specific language features and purposes. In many academic texts you will need to use more than one type.

Academic writing or text is not pretentious. Involve the readers

Academic writing or text aims to:
INFORM, ARGUE, PERSUADE

COMMON TYPES OF ACADEMIC ESSAYS
PERSUASIVE- When writing in a persuasive manner, your main goal is to convince your audience to adapt your claim
*LOGOS (reason)- uses solid facts and proof to convince the reader that the arguments are strong.
*PATHOS (emotion)- use the person’s faith, belief, or imagination to convince them come your side
*ETHOS (character)- writing comes from sounding fair or demonstrating your expertise, education or pedigree
ANALYTICAL- This type of analytical paper requires the writer to list down the characteristics of the chosen topic
*Cause & Effect
*Compare & Contrast
*Problem & Solution Descriptive
INFORMATIVE- In writing an informative paper, you aim to elaborate and explain the answers you have collected and classify the data to give your readers fresh information about the topic that you write about.

"READING TEXT CRITICALLY"

WHAT IS CRITICAL READING?
-means that a reader applies certain processes, models, questions, and theories that result in enhanced clarity and comprehension.
- Involves scrutinizing any information that you hear or read
- NOT easily believing the information offered to you by a text.
- An ACTIVE PROCESS of discovery.

RAMAGE, BEAN, AND JOHNSON 2006
- The ability to pose problematic questions
-the ability to analyze a problem in all its dimensions.
-The ability to find, gather, and interpret data, facts, and other information relevant to the problem.

"SUGGESTED WAYS TO BECOME A CRITICAL READER"
1. ANNOTATE what you read – one of the ways to interact with the writer is to write on the text.
- you can underline, circle, or highlight words, phrases, or sentences that contain important details.
2. OUTLINE the text – you need to identify the main points of the writer of the text.
- It doesn’t require you to write a structured sentence or topic outline.
3. SUMMARIZE the text – we reduce the text to its main idea and necessary information.
4. EVALUATE the text – the most challenging part in critical reading.
- It is where the other three techniques will be helpful

"PRE-WRITING"
-It is the preparation process before you start.
-The most IMPORTANT part.
-In which we generate our ideas.

"PRE-WRITING METHODS"
1. BRAINSTORMING – You can do it alone or with a team. This stage generates idea to a certain topic.
2. FREEWRITING – Aside from brainstorming, freewriting may also be used in generating ideas.
- you just need to write down any idea that comes to your mind and then narrow them down into single topic.
3. CLUSTERING – Also called as ballooning or mapping.
- graphic representation of ideas
- visualizing the connections and/or relationships of ideas

"PRE-WRITING STEPS"
Once you have narrowed down your topic.
- Ponder why you are writing
- Understand what is your writing assignment

"AVOIDING PLAGIARISM"
WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?
- Presenting someone else’s work as your own, wit or without consent.
*PARAPHRASING
- One of the ways to avoid plagiarism.
- Rendering the essential ideas in a text using your own words.
*QUOTING
- It is identical to the original text.

What is LITERARY CRITICISM?
-It is the study, analysis, evaluation and interpretation of literature.
What is LITERARY THEORY?
-It is the different frameworks that is being use to evaluate and interpret a particular work.

"Literary Criticism VS Literary Theory"
Literary Criticism judges the value of a work while Literary Theory is the variety of scholarly approaches to evaluate a study.

"Literary Theory or Approaches to Criticism"

1. Formalism/Formalist Criticism
-It deals with the structure of the work or text. Formalism heavily relies on how a text is organized.
2.Deconstructionism/Deconstructionist Criticism
-The idea of deconstructionism is concerned with countering the the idea of a transcendental origin or natural referent.
3. Reader-Response/Reader-Response Criticism
-it is the idea on how the reader responds to the text.
4. Psychoanalytical/Psychological Criticism
-Argues that literary texts, like dreams express the secret unconscious desires and anxieties of the author.
5. Archetypal/Archetypal Criticism
-Archetypes determine the form and function of literary works, text’s meaning is shaped by cultural and psychological myths.
6. Marxism/Marxist Criticism
-An approach an approach to diagnosing political and social problems in terms of the struggles between members of different socio-economic classes.
7. Feminism/Feminist Criticism
-The practice of feminist criticism usually entails examining how GENDER ROLES of a work of literature reflect/ subvert “TRADITIONAL” gender roles.