Notes

Good Educational Technology
There is not a written evidence which can tell us accurately who has gave the phrase informative technology. Different educationists, scientists and philosophers at different moment intervals have put forwarded different explanations of Educational Technology. Educational technology will be a multifaceted plus integrated process including people, procedure, suggestions, devices, and firm, where technology from different fields involving science is borrowed as per the need and necessity of education regarding implementing, evaluating, and managing solutions in order to those problems involved inside all areas of individual learning.

Educational technological innovation, broadly speaking, has passed through five periods.

The first stage of educational technological innovation is coupled with the use associated with aids like charts, maps, symbols, designs, specimens and solid materials. Find more info seemed to be used as synonyms to audio-visual aids.

The second period of educational technology is associated along with the 'electronic revolution' with the advantages and establishment of sophisticated hardware in addition to software. Use involving various audio-visual assists like projector, magic lanterns, tape-recorder, radio stations and television introduced a revolutionary change within the educational situation. Accordingly, educational technologies concept was consumed terms of these sophisticated instruments plus equipments for powerful presentation of tutorial materials.

The next stage of informative technology is connected with the advancement of mass media which often in turn led to 'communication revolution' for instructional reasons. Computer-assisted Instruction (CAI) used for education and learning since 1950s likewise became popular in the course of this era.

The fourth stage of educational technology is discernible by the individualized process associated with instruction. Introduced involving programmed learning and programmed instruction presented a new dimension to educational technology. A system regarding self-learning based in self-instructional materials plus teaching machines come about.

The latest idea of educational technology is definitely influenced by typically the idea of system engineering or system strategy which focuses in language laboratories, instructing machines, programmed training, multimedia technologies in addition to the use associated with the computer within instruction. Based on it, educational technology will be a systematic technique of designing, carrying away and evaluating the particular total technique of coaching and learning in terms of certain objectives based on research.

Educational technological innovation during the Caveman days, the Bronze Age group, and the Straightener Age group
Educational technological innovation, regardless of the uncertainty associated with the origin of the term, may be traced back in order to time of typically the three-age system periodization of human prehistory; namely the Rock Age, the Bronze Age, and typically the Iron Age.

Duringthe Caveman days, ignition of fire by scrubbing stones, manufacture involving various handmade system and utensils by stones and apparel practice were a few of the simple technological improvements of utmost importance. A fraction regarding Stone Age people developed ocean-worthy outrigger canoe ship technological innovation to migrate from place to another throughout the Ocean, by simply which they developed their first simple education of knowledge involving the ocean currents, weather conditions, cruising practice, astronavigation, plus star maps. Throughout the later Rock Age period (Neolithic period), for gardening practice, polished jewel tools were manufactured from the variety of hard rocks mainly by digging undercover tunnels, which is often deemed as the very first steps in mining technological innovation. The polished axes were so effective that even following appearance of fermeté and iron; individuals used it regarding clearing forest as well as the establishment of crop farming.

Although Stone Age cultures left no more written records, but archaeological evidences turned out their shift through nomadic life in order to agricultural settlement. Old tools conserved in several museums, cave art like Altamira Cave in Spain, in addition to other prehistoric fine art, such as the Venus of Willendorf, Mother Goddess coming from Laussel, France etc. are some of the evidences in preference of their nationalities.

Neolithic Revolution associated with Caveman days resulted directly into the appearance regarding Bronze Age with development of cultivation, animal domestication, and the adoption of long term settlements. For these types of practices Bronze Age group people further produced metal smelting, together with copper and later on bronze, an alloy of tin and even copper, being the particular materials of their alternative.

The Iron Time people replaced fermeté and developed typically the knowledge of flat iron smelting technology to lessen the cost regarding living since golf club utensils were more powerful and cheaper than bronze equivalents. On many Eurasian civilizations, the Iron Age was the final period before typically the development of written scripts.

Educational technologies during the period of Ancient civilizations
According to Robert Saettler, 2004, Academic technology can be traced returning to the particular time when tribe priests systematized body of knowledge and ancient cultures conceived pictographs or indication writing to document and transmit details. In most stage regarding human civilization, one can find a good instructional technique or set of methods intended to implement a particular culture which usually were also supported by number of investigations and evidences. Typically the more advanced typically the culture, the greater complex became the technologies of instruction made to reflect particular ways of personal and social behavior meant to run a great educated society. Over centuries, each significant shift in educative values, goals or even objectives triggered various technologies of teaching.

The greatest advances in technology in addition to engineering came along with the rise regarding the ancient civilizations. These advances induced and educated additional societies on earth in order to adopt new ways of living plus governance.

The Extrêmes Valley Civilization was initially an earlier Bronze Age group civilization which had been located in the northwestern region with the Indian Subcontinent. The particular civilization was mostly flourished around typically the Indus River container from the Indus plus the Punjab region, extending upto the Ghaggar-Hakra River pit and the Ganges-Yamuna Doab, (most of the part is below today's Pakistan along with the western states of modern-day India and also some part involving the civilization extending upto southeastern Afghanistan, and the easternmost part of Balochistan, Iran).

There is a long phrase controversy to get sure about typically the language that typically the Harappan people spoken. It is assumed that their creating just visited least seems to be or a pictographic script. Typically the script appears to have had about four hundred basic signs, using lots of variants. People write their very own script with the direction generally by directly to left. Almost all of the publishing was found in seals and sealings which are probably employed in trade in addition to official & administrative work.


Harappan people had the knowledge associated with the measuring resources of length, mass, and time. We were holding the first inside the world to produce a system associated with uniform weights and measures.

In some sort of study completed by P. N. Rao et al. last year, posted in Science, computer scientists found that the Indus script's pattern is closer to that of talked words, which recognized the proposed hypothesis which it codes intended for an as-yet-unknown vocabulary.

According to the Chinese Civilization, a few of the leading techno-offerings from Cina include paper, early on seismological detectors, lavatory paper, matches, flat iron plough, the multi-tube seed drill, the suspension bridge, the wheelbarrow, the parachute, gas as gasoline, the magnetic compass, the raised-relief chart, the blast air conditioner, the propeller, typically the crossbow, the Southern region Pointing Chariot, in addition to gun powder. With the invent associated with paper they have provided their very first step towards developments of educational technology by additional culturing different hand made products of document as ways of aesthetic aids.

Ancient Egyptian language just visited 1 point among the best surviving and applied languages in the world. Their particular script was made upwards of pictures in the real things such as birds, animals, different tools, etc. These pictures are popularly called hieroglyph. Their very own language was manufactured up of previously mentioned 500 hieroglyphs that happen to be known as hieroglyphics. For the stone monuments or tombs which usually were discovered in addition to rescued latter on provides the proof of existence of numerous varieties of artistic hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt.

Educational technology throughout Medieval and Modern Period
Paper and the pulp papermaking process that was designed in China during the early second century AD, had been carried to the Middle East and even was spread in order to Mediterranean by the Muslim conquests. Evidences support that the paper mill was also recognized in Sicily found in the 12th centuries. The discovery of spinning wheel enhanced the productivity of thread making procedure largely and when Lynn White additional the spinning tire with increasing supply of rags, this particular led to the particular production of cheap paper, which has been a prime factor throughout the development regarding printing technology.

Typically the invention in the stamping press was consumed place in around 1450 AD, by simply Johannes Gutenburg, the German inventor. Introduced of printing hit was a prime developmental factor inside the history of educational technology to share the instruction in accordance with the need of the complex and advanced-technology cultured society.

Found in the pre-industrial phases, while industry was basically simply the handwork at artisan stage, the instructional techniques were relied heavily upon simple items like the record, the horn guide, the blackboard, and chalk. It was limited to a solitary text book along with a few illustrations. Educational technology has been considered synonymous to simple aids such as charts and pictures.

12 months 1873 may possibly be considered the landmark in the early on history of technology of education or audio-visual education. A great exhibition was organised in Vienna at international level in which an American college won the love of the educators for the display of maps, charts, textbooks and other equipments.

Maria Montessori (1870-1952), internationally renowned child educator plus the originator involving Montessori Method applied a dynamic effect on educational technology through her development involving graded materials developed to give the proper sequencing of subject matter intended for each individual student. Modern educational technology suggests many extendable of Montessori's concept of prepared child centered environment.

In1833, Charles Babbage's design of a general objective computing device put the foundation of the modern computer and even in 1943, the first computing machine depending on hi design was initially constructed by Worldwide Business Machines Firm in USA. The Computer Assisted instruction (CAI) in which typically the computer functions essentially as an instructor as well because the Talking Kind writer was developed by O. T. Moore in 1966. Since 1974, computers are interestingly used in education within schools, universities and colleges.

In the beginning involving the 19th centuries, there were significant changes in the field of training. British Broadcasting Organization (BBC), from the start of school shows in 1920 had maintained rapid pace in making noise contribution to elegant education. In the USA, by 1952, 20 states got the provision with regard to educational broadcasting. Similar to this time about 98% from the schools in United Kingdom were equipped with radios and there have been regular daily programs.

Sidney L. Pressey, a psychologist involving Ohio state college developed a self-teaching machine called 'Drum Tutor' in 1920. Professor Skinner, on the other hand, in the famous article 'Science of Mastering and art involving Teaching' published throughout 1945 pleaded intended for the application regarding the knowledge derived coming from behavioral psychology in order to classroom procedures in addition to suggested automated instructing devices as indicates of doing and so.

Even though first practical using Regular tv set broadcasts was within Germany in 1929 and in 1936 the Olympic Games in Berlin were broadcasted through tv set stations in Duessseldorf, Open circuit television began to be used mostly for broadcasting shows for entertainment inside 1950. Since 60, television is used for educational purposes.

In 1950, Brynmor, in England, applied educational technological methods for the 1st time. It is definitely to be cared for that in 60, as an effect of industrial wave in America and Russia, other nations around the world also started growing in the filed of educational technologies. In this way, the beginning of educational technologies took place throughout 1960 from The united states and Russia and now it includes attained England, Europe in addition to India.

Might be about 1950s, new technocracy was turning this attraction to educations when there is the steep shortage of teachers in America and therefore an urgent want of educational technologies was felt. Doctor Alvin C. Eurich and a bit of later his correlate, Doctor Alexander J. Stoddard introduced bulk production technology within America.

Team training had its origins in America in the mid of 1950's and was first started in the 12 months 1955 at Harvard University as a part of internships plan.

Back in 1956, Benjamin Bloom by USA introduced typically the taxonomy of educational objectives through his publication, "The Taxonomy of Educational Goals, The Classification of Educational Goals, Handbook I: Cognitive Domain".

In 1961, Small teaching technique was first adopted by Dwight W. Allen great co-workers at Stanford University in UNITED STATES.

Electronics is typically the main technology staying developed initially involving 21st century. Broadband Internet access became well-liked and occupied almost all the important office buildings and educational places and even found in common places inside developed countries together with the advantage of connecting home computer systems with music libraries and mobile phones.

Today's classroom will be more likely to be able to be a technological innovation lab, an area with rows regarding students using net connected or Wifi enabled laptops, palmtops, notepad, or maybe college students are attending a new video conferencing or even virtual classroom or even may have already been listening to some sort of podcast or consuming a video chalk talk. Rapid technological adjustments in the subject of educational are creating new ways in order to teach also to learn. Technological changes likewise motivated the educators to access a number of information on some sort of global scale by way of the Internet, in order to enhance their classes as well like to get them to competent professional within their area of concern. In the same time, students can utilize vast resources regarding the Internet in order to enrich their mastering experience to cope up with changing trend with the society. Today a days learners as well teachers are attending training seminars, conferences, workshops from national and essential level by applying the multimedia techno-resources like PowerPoint and in many cases they pursue a number of important courses of their choice inside distance mode by means of online learning ways. Online learning facility has opened assets number of doors regarding opportunities for modern-day learner to help to make their life happier than ever ahead of.

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