Notes

How did Roundup Ready and Roundup become what they are today?
What exactly is Roundup Ready? Roundup Ready is a trademark name for a patent-pending line of genetically modified crop seeds that are resistant to the herbicide that is based on glyphosate called Roundup. These plants are known as Roundup Ready crops.

Roundup was created by whom?
John Franz, Monsanto chemical scientist, and the first person to find that Roundup's active agent was glyphosate, in the year 1970. ラウンドアップ He was the first to recognize it as an herbicide. Pre-emergent herbicides were used in the ag industry at the time. They were applied prior to the weeds or crops appeared. Glyphosate's capacity to control huge numbers of grass weeds and broadleafs was completely different. https://www.monotaro.com/g/01028612/ Its extraordinary environmental properties (soil inactivation, rapid degradation, etc.) as well as its toxicological characteristics (extremely minimal levels of toxicity to mammals and other beneficial organisms) created it to be a groundbreaking product.

When was Roundup launched?
Roundup(r) was introduced into the market in 1974 as a broad-spectrum herbicide. It quickly became one of the top agricultural chemicals on the market. Roundup(r), originally, was utilized in ditches along railroads and in fields between growth seasons. This allowed farmers the ability to control broadleafweeds and grasses within the soil. In this way, they could reduce the need for tillage to preserve soil structure and lessen soil erosion.

The next step was Roundup Ready GMOs.
Monsanto scientists saw the potential benefits that Roundup(r), a recombinant DNA product, might have for farmers after the discoveries made in the 1970s. ラウンドアップ A small group of scientists (Rob Horsch, Steve Rogers and myself) headed by Dr. Ernie Jaworski, began working on this challenge. The first systems to introduce gene into the plant were developed by this group during the first half of 1980. Following that the focus changed to developing virusresistant and insect-resistant and Roundup-tolerant plants.

It was discovered that Roundup inhibited the production of aromatic amino acid in plants. This is why Roundup has a high-level mammalian safety. Also, glyphosate was quickly degraded in soils by microorganisms. By the mid-1980s, our researchers had identified both plant and microbial genes that increased tolerance to herbicides in laboratory tests and in 1987, the USDA authorized the first field test of Roundup Ready plants. This was a Roundup resistant tomato crop that was derived by the genetically altered tomato plant. They were also tolerant to Roundup. In the following years, the bacteria that would become the gene which would eventually become the Roundup Ready trait was identified, isolated, and then introduced into the crops.

ラウンドアップ Let's look at soybeans to get an idea, by answering the questions, What is Roundup Ready soybeans and what is the process by which Roundup Ready soybeans are made? Roundup Ready Soybeans is an engineered genetically modified variety of soybeans that has had its DNA changed to make them resistant to Roundup, an herbicide. This soybean is tolerant to Roundup because every seed is equipped with the Roundup Ready gene that has been infected prior to planting. This permits farmers to spray their field with herbicides without having to kill their crop.

You can see that Roundup Ready crops were introduced in 1996 and transformed the agricultural sciences and agriculture. https://farmtop.jp/SHOP/N0009.html Roundup resistance soon became a popular crop in the United States. More than 90% of U.S. soybeans and cotton, corn, and canola fields now utilize this biotech characteristic. In addition to simplifying and improving weed management systems which increased crop yields Roundup Ready crops cut down on the need to tilde and also reduced the cost of equipment and allowed for easier harvests because of "cleaner areas" with less plants. The most significant environmental benefit is the growing use of conservation tillage: by cutting down on plowing, farmers cut down energy consumption and GHG emissions while maintaining soil structure and decreasing erosion. This was equivalent to removing 28.4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This also means that 12.4 million cars were taken from roads every year. (Source: and PG Economics).
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