Notes

What made Roundup Ready and Roundup become what they now?
First, what exactly is Roundup Ready? Roundup Ready is a trademark that refers to a line of genetically engineered crops that are resistant against Roundup. The crops are referred to as Roundup Ready.

Roundup: Who was the one who invented it?
John Franz (Monsanto Chemist) first discovered Glyphosate as an herbicide within Roundup. In the year 1970, the majority of herbicides that were used in the agriculture field were pre-emergent. In other words, they were sprayed before plants and weeds had appeared. The post-emergent action of glyphosate in reducing a large number of grass and broadleaf weeds is quite different. This, when combined with its extraordinary environmental (soil inactivation and rapid degradation, with no carryover) and toxicological characteristics (extremely minimal toxicity for mammals and beneficial organisms) and made it a breakthrough product.

When was Roundup created?
Roundup(r) is an herbicide with broad spectrum, was first introduced on the market in 1974. It quickly grew to become a top-selling chemical for agriculture. https://www.pref.nagano.lg.jp/nogi/sangyo/nogyo/gijutsu/fukyugijutsu/200901/documents/091h06.pdf It was initially utilized in ditches, along railroad tracks and also on fields between the growing seasons. It allowed ranchers and farmers to control broadleaf and grass plants that had sprung up from the soil.

Next came the case of Roundup Ready GMOs.
Inspiring by the amazing breakthroughs in Recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s, Monsanto scientists recognized the many benefits to farmers who benefited if Roundup(r) could be directly applied on growing crops to control weeds within their fields. The problem was initially tackled by a small group of scientists led by Dr Ernie Jaworski (Rob Horsch and Steve Rogers), In the early 1980s this group had created the first techniques that allowed the introduction of particular genes into plants. Our focus was on the development of viruses-resistant, insect resistant and Roundup-tolerant plants.

It was widely known that Roundup can block the biochemical pathway plants utilize to make aromatic amino acids. Roundup's high level safety for mammals and people is due to the fact that glyphosate is able to be broken down quickly by soil microorganisms. Our study had already revealed both plant- and microbial genetics that conferred more herbicide tolerance. Roundup Ready plants were first tested on the field by the USDA in 1987. This Roundup-resistant crop was genetically modified tomatoes that proved resistant to Roundup. Then, a few years later, the Roundup Ready trait is a result of a bacterial infection and was isolated.

Let's take soybeans as an illustration. We first need to address two issues. What are Roundup Ready soybeans? And how do they make them? Roundup Ready Soybeans can be described as genetically engineered soybeans with DNA modifications so that they can resist Roundup's main ingredient known as the chemical glyphosate. Every soybean plant which has been given the gene Roundup Ready was introduced into the plant before it is put to plant. ラウンドアップ This makes them immune to the glyphosate. This allows farmers to spray their fields with Roundup Ready herbicides in order to kill weeds but not their crops.

Roundup Ready crop introductions in 1996 had a significant impact on the field of agricultural science. ラウンドアップ Roundup resistance was immediately acknowledged by farmers and the adoption of Roundup Ready was swift. Today, over 90% of U.S. soybeans are grown with a biotech gene for herbicide tolerance. Roundup Ready crops streamlined and improved weed management systems. https://shop.sunday.co.jp/c-3/c-35/c-4500/228935/ This led to increased yields on crops. Also, it reduced the amount of tillage required, decreased costs for equipment, and made harvesting easier due to fewer the amount of weeds. The increased use of conservation tillage has an environmental benefit that is significant. Through reducing plowing, farmers reduce energy consumption and GHG emission while maintaining soil structure and decreasing erosion. It was equivalent to removing 28.3 billion kilograms of carbon dioxide (or 12.4 million cars) from the road. ラウンドアップ Source: PG Economy.
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