Notes

Genetically modified crops offer more benefits than weeds

The wild plants may have an herbicide resistance advantage.

Weedy rice is able to absorb transgenes derived from genetically modified crop rice by cross-pollinating. Credit: Xiao Yang
A common technique for genetic modification of crops to make them herbicide resistant has been found to give advantages to weedy varieties of rice, even when herbicide isn't in use. This suggests that the modifications could have an impact on the natural environment beyond farms.

Many varieties of crops are created genetically to resist the glyphosate. The herbicide, first called Roundup it was released on the market in the year 1996 under the trade name Roundup. ラウンドアップ This resistance to glyphosate allows farmers to eliminate the majority of weeds from the fields without damaging their crops.

Glyphosate is a deterrent to the growth of plants. It blocks an enzyme known EPSP synthase. https://www.roundupjp.com/ This enzyme plays a role in the creation of specific amino acids and other molecules. These substances can account for up to 35% of the plant's mass. ラウンドアップ The technique of genetic modification that is employed by Monsanto's Roundup Ready crops, which are based in St Louis (Missouri), typically involves inserting genes in the DNA of the crop to increase EPSP synthase's production. Genes are usually derived from bacteria that infects crops.

The plant can withstand the effects caused by glyphosate since it has an extra EPSP-synthase. Biotechnology labs are also trying to make use of genes that come from plants instead of bacteria to boost EPSP synthase. ラウンドアップ This is mainly due to the US law allows approval by the regulatory authorities to allow organisms that have transgenes to be recognized as acceptable.

A few studies have explored the possibility that transgenes similar to those that confer resistance to glyphosate increase the competitiveness of plants for reproduction and even survival after they're introduced to wild or weedy cousins by cross-pollination. Norman Ellstrand, a University of California plant geneticist claims that, without competition, any kind of transgene is likely to create disadvantages in wild plants. ラウンドアップ マックスロード The additional machinery could reduce fitness.

Lu Baorong, an ecologist from Fudan University in Shanghai has rewritten that view. He discovered that glyphosate resistance provides a significant fitness lift to the weedy version of the common rice crop Oryza sativa.

Lu and his coworkers genetically modified the cultivated Rice species to express its EPSP synthase. Then, they crossed-bred it with a marijuana-producing parent.

The researchers then allowed the cross-bred offspring to breed with one another, resulting in second-generation hybrids genetically identical to one another apart from the number of copies of gene that encodes EPSP synthase. It was expected that those with more copies of the gene had more enzyme activity and more amino acid tryptophan when compared to their counterparts that were not modified.

Researchers also found that transgenics had higher rates, more flowers, and 48-125percent more seeds/plant than nontransgenics.

Lu believes that making weedy rice less competitive can make it harder for farmers who have their land affected by pests.

Brian Ford-Lloyd, a researcher at Brian Ford-Lloyd from the University of Birmingham, UK Brian Ford-Lloyd from the University of Birmingham, UK "If the EPSP synthase gene is introduced to wild rice species their genetic diversity, which was really important in conserving it, could be at risk because it could beat out the conventional varieties." "This is one the most evident instances of extremely plausible negative effects [of GM crops] upon the environment."

https://www.nissanchem.co.jp/news_release/news/n2020_01_23.pdf The belief of the public that genetically modified crops with additional copies their genes are safe is questioned by this study. Lu claims that the study does not support this belief.

The research results call for a rethinking of future regulation of the genetically altered crops, researchers claim. Ellstrand states that "some people are now of the opinion that biosafety regulations could be relaxed because we have a high degree of comfort with genetic engineering for two decades." The study showed that new products need to be carefully evaluated.


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