Notes

REKRUTACJA - Wiedz O Roli I Gospodarki Przestrzennej - Wydziały - Strona Główna UMCS
Several authors are of the opinion that among African women in menopause there has not been observed an increase in the incidence of breast cancer. Among Asian women in the perimenopausal period there is less interest in sex life and withdrawn satisfaction. The study is also intended to indicate the variety of factors determining the course of the perimenopausal period. wypracowanie of menopause in African women are not different from those typical for other women, but social and economic factors differ. The worrying issue is the lack of physical activity of women. Lifestyle change to increase of physical activity is an alternative to the use of hormone replacement therapy. Research conducted in Pakistan by Malik reported that 94% of perimenopausal women do not see menopause as a medical problem, and only 1.96% of the women were afraid to use hormone replacement therapy. Most perimenopausal women used dietary supplements and they do not have a negative attitude towards the use of hormone replacement therapy. African-American women do not perceive symptoms of menopause as problems for which women should consult a doctor. The most common problems for women in Asia were insomnia and irritability (51%). Women in Asia occasionally look for advice concerning medication in treatment of symptoms of menopause.

Another report from 2007 provides information on the biopsychosocial functioning of women from India, Pakistan and China. Increasing attention is also paid to sexual functioning in menopausal women. Among the articles presenting the functioning of women in Europe, 7 were selected, while the situation of women in Poland is presented on the basis of 5 articles published in the “Menopause Review”. Due to the large number of papers that meet the above criteria, we selected those which in a transparent manner present data based on studies conducted among women of different races and nationalities. Studies in the United Kingdom from 2012 point to the urgent need for extensive research on the effects of replacement therapy on sexual desire. A review of the literature shows that the number of studies conducted in African countries is the smallest one. Differences in age of occurrence of menopause between the countries of Central and Eastern Europe were significant and unexplained by a number of risk factors. Other items of literature are on similar issues concerning demographic change in Europe.

Research from Poland does not show large differences in the prevalence of typical climacteric symptoms like those reported in Europe and in Caucasian women living in North America. Menopause is seen by African women as a time of “relief” from pregnancy and motherhood, but for women without children, this time begins with depressive disorders. Dark-skinned women think they are seen as being mentally strong and fully accept all the changes. The last few years all over the world have seen a continuation of colossal demographic changes. Sometimes, it even lasts for 15 consecutive years, from 45 years of age. Perimenopause lasts for about 2 years before menopause and up to 2 years after menopause. In i study of 2013 from Poland 12,676 women aged 45-69 years took part in Novosibirsk (Russia), Krakow (Poland) and six Czech cities. wypracowanie are a characteristic symptom of African-American women (67.8%) and women of the white race, mostly Americans of European descent.

Next, 52.5% of Latin women complain about hot flashes, compared to only 26.1% of Asian women. Women experience discomfort during intercourse, sometimes pain, which has a negative impact according to respondents on the relationship with their partner, quality of life and reduction of femininity. During this period, the first biological and endocrine symptoms appear. According to other researchers, 50% of detected cases of breast cancer affect women at a later period, i.e. In Latin America, most women reported trouble falling asleep. The other most frequently reported symptoms were pain in the muscles and bones, and problems with the urogenital system. A study from Finland showed the danger of the use of hormone replacement therapy and the problems associated with mammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer. There was also a negative attitude towards women taking hormone replacement therapy (43%), explaining their reluctance with the connection between the use of hormone replacement therapy and increased risk of breast cancer.



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