Notes

Genetically modified crops provide advantages to the weeds

In nature, resistance to herbicides might confer an advantage to plants.

Credit goes to Xiao Yang
One of the most common methods used to make crops more resistant to herbicides was found to have advantages over rice varieties that are weedy. This finding suggests that the modifications could have an impact on the environment beyond farm.

Many plants have been created genetically to be resistant to glyphosate. The herbicide, originally known as Roundup, was introduced into the market in 1996 under the tradename Roundup. The resistance to glyphosate allows farmers to eradicate most herbicides, without causing damage to their crop.

Glyphosate is an inhibitor of plant growth. It inhibits an enzyme called EPSP synthase. https://www.yodobashi.com/product/100000001002109951/ This enzyme is responsible in the creation of specific amino acids as well as other molecule. These substances can make up as much as 35% of a plant’s mass. Genetic modification -- used, for instance, in the Roundup Ready crops made by the biotech giant Monsanto, based in St Louis, Missouri -generally includes inserting genes into a crop's genome to boost EPSP-synthase production. The genes typically come from bacteria that have infected plants.

The additional EPSP synthase allows the plant to withstand the effects of glyphosate. Biotechnology labs are also trying to utilize genes from plants rather than bacteria to increase EPSP synthase. https://www.komeri.com/search/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97/?dispNo=&codeSearch=0&searchFirst=1 This is mainly due to the US law allows for regulatory approval to allow organisms that carry transgenes to get recognized as acceptable.

Few studies have investigated the possibility that transgenes, such as glyphosate-resistant ones could -- after introduction to wild or weedy plants through cross-pollination make these plants more competitive in survival, reproduction and growth. Norman Ellstrand, a University of California plant geneticist, claims that, in the absence of competition, any type of transgene could be expected to create disadvantages in wild plants. The additional machinery could lower fitness.

A new study, led by Lu Baorong, an ecologist from Fudan University in Shanghai, challenges that view It reveals that a weedy variant of the standard rice crop, Oryza sativa is given a significant fitness boost from resistance to glyphosate, even when glyphosate is not used.

https://search.rakuten.co.jp/search/mall/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97+%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89/ In the study which was published this month in New Phytologist 1, Lu and his coworkers genetically altered the cultivated rice species to increase the expression of its own EPSP synthase and cross-bred the altered rice with a weedy ancestor.

https://farmtop.jp/SHOP/N0009.html The group allowed the offspring of cross-breeding to mix with each other, resulting in second-generation hybrids genetically identical to one another, except for the number of copies of the gene encoding EPSP synase. As one would expect, the more copies produced higher levels of enzyme and more tryptophan than their counterparts that were not modified.

Researchers also found that transgenics have higher rates, had more flowers and 48-125percent more seeds/plant than nontransgenics.

Making weedy rice more competitive can increase the issues it creates for farmers all over the world who's plots are infested by pests, Lu says.

Brian Ford Lloyd, a UK plant scientist, has said that the EPSP Synthase gene could get into wild rice species. This would threaten their genetic diversity, which is very crucial. ラウンドアップ "This is one the most obvious instances of the highly probable negative consequences (of GM crops] on the natural environment."

ラウンドアップ The study also challenges the perception that crops with genetically modified genes containing additional copies of their genes are safer than those that contain microorganisms' genes. "Our study proves that this isn't necessarily the case," Lu says. ラウンドアップ Lu.

Researchers believe that their findings require an overhaul of the way that genetically modified crops are regulated in the future. Ellstrand says that "some people believe that biosafety regulation could be relaxed since we have a an incredibly comfortable relationship with genetic engineering over the last two decades." "But this study has shown that novel products still require careful analysis."


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