Notes

Genetically modified crops provide greater benefits than herbicides

The wild plants may have an herbicide resistance advantage.

Credit: Xiao Yang
Genetic modification of crops to make them resistant to herbicides has been widely employed to create advantages for species of rice that are weedy. This suggests that this genetic modifications could also have the potential to impact wild animals.

Many varieties of crops are modified genetically to be resistant to the herbicide glyphosate. It was initially marketed under the trade name Roundup. Farmers are able to eliminate herbicides from their fields by using glyphosate and not harm their crops because of this resistance.

ラウンドアップ 口コミ Glyphosate slows the growth of plants by blocking an enzyme referred to as EPSP synthase, which is involved in the production of certain amino acids and other molecules that comprise approximately 35% of the plant's mass. ラウンドアップ 口コミ The genetic-modification technique is used for instance, in Roundup Ready plants made by Monsanto Biotechnology Inc., a biotech firm that is headquartered in St Louis, Missouri. It involves inserting genes into the genome of the crop to increase EPSP synthase synthase synthase production. The genes typically come from bacteria that cause disease in the plants.

The plant can endure the negative effects of glyphosate since it has an additional EPSP-synthase. Biotechnology labs have also tried to make EPSP-synthase more plant-based than bacteria, using genes derived that come from plants. ラウンドアップ This was partly made to make use of a loophole found in US law which allows regulatory approval for species which aren't the result of bacteria or parasites.

There aren't many studies that have examined whether transgenes such glyphosate-resistant genes can -- once introduced to weedy or wild plants by cross-pollination -- increase the competitiveness of these plants in survival, reproduction and growth. "The traditional expectation is that any transgene will confer disadvantage in the wild, in the absence of pressure to select, because the additional machinery could decrease the fitness of the plant," says Norman Ellstrand an expert in plant genetics at the University of California in Riverside.

Lu Baorong is an ecologist at Fudan University Shanghai. His study shows that resistance to glyphosate is a major fitness benefit even when it isn't applied.

Their research was published in 1. Lu and his coworkers have genetically modified rice to increase its EPSP synthase activity and crossed it with a weedy relative.

The team let the offspring of crossbreeding to cross-breed with one other to create second generation hybrids. They were identical genetically except for the amount of EPSP synthase genes they had. The hybrids that had more copies of the gene were more likely to make more tryptophan and have greater levels of enzymes than their unmodified counterparts.

Researchers also found that transgenic hybrids were photogenic, produced more plants per plant and yielded 48-125% higher yields of seeds than varieties that were not transgenic.

https://search.yahoo.co.jp/video/search?rkf=2&ei=UTF-8&fr=wsr_gvu&p=%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97 Making weedy rice more competitive may increase the issues it creates for farmers across the globe who's plots are infested by the pest, Lu says.

ラウンドアップ Brian Ford Lloyd, a UK plant scientist, stated that the EPSP Synthase gene is able to get into wild rice species. This could threaten the genetic diversity of their species, which is important. "This is one the most obvious instances of the highly probable negative effects [of GM crops] upon the environment."

The belief of the public that genetically modified crops containing additional copies of their genes are safer is disproved by this research. Lu states that his study does not support this view.

Some researchers believe this finding requires a review of the future regulation of genetically modified crops. "Some people are now suggesting that biosafety regulation can be eased because we've reached an incredibly high level of confidence with the two decades of genetic engineering," Ellstrand says. The study found that any new products must be carefully evaluated.


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