Notes

How did Roundup Ready and Roundup become what they have become in the present?
What is Roundup Ready? And what are Roundup-ready plants? Roundup Ready is a trademark name for a patent-pending line of genetically modified seeds that are immune to the herbicide that is based on glyphosate called Roundup. ラウンドアップ These crops are called 'Roundup Ready' crops.

Roundup, then, was it really made up?
John Franz, a Monsanto Chemist, found that Glyphosate is an active ingredient in Roundup in 1970. The majority of herbicides available at that time were preemergent. They were used before the weeds and crops developed. The unique post-emergent effectiveness of glyphosate at controlling vast amounts of broadleaf weeds was awe-inspiring. This, along with its remarkable environmental properties (soil degradation, rapid degradation, etc.) as well as toxicological properties (extremely toxic for mammals (and beneficial organisms) which made it an outstanding product.

When was Roundup introduced?
ラウンドアップ Roundup(r), originally introduced in 1974 to the market as an insecticide with broad spectrum it quickly became a major global agricultural chemical. ラウンドアップ Roundup(r), originally, was utilized in ditches along railway tracks as well as in fields between the growth seasons. It allowed farmers to control grasses and broadleafweeds in the soil. https://flights-ag.com/blog/herbicide/84/ This way they could decrease the need for tillage, preserve soil structure, and also reduce erosion of soil.

The Roundup Ready GMOs followed.
Monsanto scientists were inspired by the remarkable advances in the field of recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s. They recognized the numerous advantages for farmers who benefited if Roundup (r) could be directly applied to their crops to control weeds. A small group of scientists (Rob Horsch, Steve Rogers and myself) under the direction of Dr. Ernie Jaworski, began working on this problem. The team had already created the first technology to introduce genes to plants by the 1980s. After that, we began to focus on creating viruses–resistant, insect-resistant, Roundup-tolerant crops.

It was recognized that glyphosate could inhibit the biochemical process in plants that produce aromatic amino acids (animals and people don't have this pathway which explains Roundup's high level of mammal safety) and also that glyphosate was broken down very rapidly in the soil by microorganisms. Researchers from our lab had discovered the genes of plants and microbial organisms to give increased resistance to herbicides. Roundup Ready plants was accepted for field testing by the USDA in 1987. It was a Roundup-resistant tomato crop that was derived of genetically modified tomato plants. They were also tolerant to Roundup. After a few years, the Roundup Ready trait, which was the bacterial genetic trait, was discovered and introduced to other crops.

Let's look at soybeans. For an example to answer the following questions: What are Roundup Ready soybeans? And how do they get them? Roundup Ready Soybeans is an engineered genetically modified variety of soybeans which has had its DNA modified to make them resistant to the herbicide Roundup. Each soybean seed that has received the gene Roundup Ready has had it instilled into it before it is planted. This makes them resistant to glyphosate. This allows farmers to apply Roundup Ready herbicides that eliminate weeds, but not their crops.

It is clear the fact that Roundup Ready crops were introduced in 1996 and transformed agriculture and agricultural science. Roundup resistance was immediately acknowledged by farmers and its adoption was rapid. Today, nearly 90% of U.S. soybeans are grown with a biotech gene for herbicide tolerance. Along with simplifying and improving the effectiveness of weed control systems that increased yields for crops, Roundup Ready crops reduced tillage and reduced equipment costs and made harvesting easier due to "cleaner areas" with less herbicides. Increased adoption of conservation-tillage has had a significant environmental impact. Farmers can reduce their carbon footprint and energy use by reducing plowing. https://shopping.geocities.jp/truetools/category/roundup_maxload/ But this also preserves soil structure and decreases erosion. In 2013 this was equivalent to the removal of 28 billion kilos of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or equal to removing 12.4 million cars from the road for one year (Source: PG Economics).
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