Notes

What is the story behind how Roundup Ready or Roundup get their names?
What is Roundup Ready? ラウンドアップ Roundup Ready refers to a trademarked line of genetically altered crop seeds that are intolerant to Roundup. These are the crops that are known as Roundup Ready.

Who came up with Roundup?
John Franz (Monsanto Chemist) first recognized Glyphosate as a herbicide within Roundup. The majority of herbicides at that period were preemergent. They were applied prior to the crop and weeds developed. Glyphosate's amazing post-emergent capabilities to control large quantities of herbicides for broadleaf and grass was something very special. Its combination with its extraordinary environmental (soil destruction rapid degradation and no transfer) and toxicological (extremely minimal toxicity to beneficial organisms, mammals and beneficial organisms, etc.) which was what made it a revolutionary product.

What year was it when Roundup introduced?
Roundup(r) that was first introduced to the market as a broad-spectrum herbicide in 1974, quickly became one of the most well-known agricultural chemicals worldwide. It was initially used in ditches, on railroads and also on fields between growing seasons. This allowed farmers to manage weeds such as broadleaf and grass that came up from the soil, thereby lessening the need to tilling, keeping soil structure and reducing erosion.

The Roundup Ready GMOs followed.
Inspired by the groundbreaking developments in recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s, Monsanto scientists recognized the numerous advantages for farmers if Roundup(r) could be applied directly to growing crops to eliminate weeds from their fields. A small group of researchers (Rob Horsch, Steve Rogers and myself) under the direction of Dr. Ernie Jaworski, began working on this issue. The first methods for introducing gene into the plant were created by this group in the early 1980s. After that the focus changed to developing virusesresistant and insect-resistant and Roundup-tolerant crops.

It was discovered that glyphosate likely inhibited the biochemical process in plants that made aromatic amino acids (animals and human beings don't have this pathway which is why Roundup has a high degree of mammal-specific safety) and that glyphosate was broken down extremely quickly in the soil by microorganisms. Researchers from our lab had discovered plant and microbial genes to increase the tolerance to herbicides. Roundup Ready plants was cleared to be tested in the field by the USDA in 1987. It was a Roundup-resistant tomato crop derived from genetically modified tomato plants. They also were resistant to Roundup. A few years later the bacterial gene that would become the Roundup Ready trait was discovered, isolated and introduced into plants.

ラウンドアップ イシクラゲ Let's examine soybeans. As an example to answer the below questions: What are Roundup Ready soybeans and what is their manufacturing process? ラウンドアップ https://rd.listing.yahoo.co.jp/p/search/GU=A4boAGMAAPbUMr0CtbOunlYICtwFAP5-zoXiXPIHNQ6huc8dwDdR0usvJVTkHEHc2_FleATYbtshxJ9e_xNMSTh3AxK8Ah7s6HcVZ4nK1gAifctaNALU0kH4NdNDrnKwbo6lkeKxCbJKocEWaHKali8YcGk07js3KQ1rqxk6Z3R-ZQystQchRwVMDOIzjuuK95bQCh7CS1wa0Yp2MPg3oVOawD-SN73LCMxzYsy_UDLUYFYHK3JCcxqEnp1R4nPf4S8bFRA71-7oBfGsJ5DDmcoGEtGfIDH1WvvhoT_Etp8lstMP6MMVWDasiKbrYwjeF6ZT9NhbZ_ZN4ZG2vChanS3Oux18Fowk1_DwCo0E6UixyD1smHjAzBaiEroUTabMX-O86jk_kRXlblHzqHAjLArHdknfxivp14X_O2iu3YIcN0p4dJqM-E5a7CcF3LWmyGMYAfdRaQFrKydIPelIdiIL2hm3iH4MD8-7cCeT59DrPelg9Rb0Q0jqBKMRgYVwVWlI5bT2nJA5ZLUvilNw_u9Gf522ryYXVJUG4iqeMJBPvRIAr7CJUpwxf46DvQluvvSm-MhFZSgzGuN32LtICuICU910T_VXCOJD1X8sKKu98iagQgAAatZakuoO3Qnoq4j4blQnxcM-Ymrt1rLPC3mEWy7m434T7z6oN0q8lIgnejf56ZL_oBkdDLIC-goMahqnQ0kT7HtS0dovKLU1Xk5i4w6KJRN_fBSd6Q5wAAtuCmJFqD4FeeEBc55IWt8gNhV9r-6QavcMceLrcOjYNqwJj-aFk9QRv_0;/?ep=A4boAGMAABpRIBPjCiBaw4KSUPWJig43jQIVWb11LFAEOHLobwpo4HKrW05Pc0opFlaINmbTPEkQVZE6nIniyYTCuWeugqg8lDHY_RW0kGXzBe-jaCjdcvmqC4__B2ij7zRvreVVs1A3YrF-VSM54KZrQ9PAH9zL9yk_ByGsGBIgSH0wDWyGRCzO2kXpRPG-EyTkGX9cmE9JQTPY56u64B9-4s_oqKP0X2Q0YQ&v=2 Roundup Ready Soybeans are soybeans genetically engineered which have had their DNA modified to allow them to withstand the herbicide glyphosate which is the main component in the herbicide, Roundup. These soybeans are intolerant to glyphosate as every soybean seed has the Roundup Ready gene injected into it before it is planted. This permits farmers to spray their fields with Roundup Ready herbicides to kill weeds but not their crops.

As you can see, the introduction Roundup Ready crops in 1996 changed farming and agricultural science! Roundup resistance was immediately accepted by farmers, and its adoption was rapid. Today, nearly 90 percent of U.S. soybeans are grown using an herbicide-resistant biotech gene tolerance. Roundup Ready crops streamlined and improved weed management systems. This led to increased crop yields. It also reduced the amount of tillage required, decreased costs for equipment and made harvesting simpler due to fewer the amount of weeds. ラウンドアップ The increase in the use of conservation tillage is an important environmental benefit. Through reducing plowing, farmers reduce energy consumption and GHG emission while keeping soil structure intact and reducing erosion. In 2013 it was equivalent to the removal of 28 billion kilos of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, or equivalent to removing 12.4 million cars off the road for a single year (Source: PG Economics).
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