Notes

Genetically modified crops provide more benefits than herbicides

The wild plants may have the advantage of resistance to herbicides.

Credit Xiao Yang
It has been established that a genetic modification technique, which is widely used to make crops resistant to herbicides, confers advantages on an invasive variety of rice. ラウンドアップ The findings suggest that this modifications could positively impact wild rice varieties and the crops.

Many kinds of crops have been genetically altered to resist glyphosate. Roundup was the first herbicide to be sold. This makes it possible for farmers to remove the majority of the weeds that grow in their fields without causing harm to their crops.

Glyphosate slows the growth of plants by blocking an enzyme referred to as EPSP synthase. https://flights-ag.com/blog/herbicide/84/ It is involved in the creation of certain amino acids and other molecules that comprise about 35% of a plant's mass. Genetic modification, like the Roundup Ready crops manufactured by Monsanto in St. Louis, Missouri, involves inserting genes into the genetic code in order to increase EPSP production. Genes are usually derived from bacteria that cause disease to crops.

The extra EPSP synthase lets the plant withstand the effects of glyphosate. Biotechnology labs are also trying to use genes from plants instead of bacteria to increase EPSP synthase. ラウンドアップ This is mainly due to the US law allows regulatory approval to allow organisms that carry transgenes to get approved.

https://www.yodobashi.com/product/100000001002109951/ A few studies have explored the possibility that transgenes, like those that confer resistance glyphosate, could increase the resilience of plants to surviving and reproduce once they cross-pollinate with wild or weedy species. Norman Ellstrand, a University of California plant geneticist states that without selection pressure, any type of transgene is likely to cause disadvantages on wild plants. The added machinery will lower fitness.

But now a study led by Lu Baorong, an ecologist from Fudan University in Shanghai, challenges that view It reveals that the weedy version of the popular rice plant, Oryza sativa is given an impressive fitness boost due to resistance to glyphosate, even when glyphosate has not been applied.

Their research was published in 1. Lu and his colleagues altered the genetics of cultivated rice to enhance its EPSP synthase activity and crossed it with a weedy cousin.

The team allowed the offspring of cross-breeding to mix with each other, resulting in second-generation hybrids that are genetically identical to each other except for the amount of copies the gene that encodes EPSP synase. ラウンドアップ The team found that those who had greater copies of the gene that encodes EPSP synthase expressed more enzymes and also produced more tryptophan as expected.

Researchers also found that transgenic plants were more photosynthesis-intensive, produced more flowers, and produced 48-125% fewer seeds per plant than nontransgenic hybrids. This was despite the fact that glyphosate wasn't present.

Lu states that making weedy grains more competitive can create more difficulties to farmers around the world whose crops are affected by the insect.

Brian Ford Lloyd, a UK plant scientist, stated that the EPSP Synthase gene is able to get in wild rice varieties. This would threaten their genetic diversity, which is extremely important. This is one of the most clear examples of plausible harmful effects [of GM crop] on the environment."

ラウンドアップ The public believes that genetically modified plants that have more copies of their own genes than those from microorganisms are safer. This is however questioned by this study. Lu states, "Our study shows this is not necessarily true."

According to some researchers this research suggests that future regulation of genetically engineered plants should be rethought. Ellstrand thinks that biosafety rules could be relaxed as we are able to enjoy a high level satisfaction from the two decades of genetic engineering. "But this study has shown that novel products still require careful analysis."


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