Notes

What happened to make Roundup Ready & Roundup come to be?
First of all, what is Roundup Ready and what are Roundup Ready crops? ラウンドアップ Roundup Ready refers to a trademarked line of genetically altered crop seeds that is resistant to Roundup. These are the crops that are known as Roundup Ready.

Roundup: Who was the person who invented it?
Glyphosate is the active agent in Roundup, was first discovered as an herbicide in 1970 by Monsanto Chemist John Franz. Most herbicides used in agriculture were pre-emergent. https://www.rakuten.ne.jp/gold/kaientai/category/sunfulon/ This meant that they were sprayed prior to the plant and before the grass weeds arose. The post-emergent action of glyphosate in controlling the spread of broadleaf and grass weeds was quite different. This, when combined with its exceptional environmental (soil inactivation, rapid degradation, no carryover, etc.) and toxicological characteristics (extremely low toxicity to mammals and beneficial organisms) was an outstanding product.

When was the time Roundup first introduced?
Roundup (r) was introduced onto the market in 1974. It's an herbicide with a wide range which quickly became a world leading product. Roundup(r) was originally used in ditches, railroads as well as on fields between growing seasons, quickly rose to the forefront. It allowed farmers to control broadleaf and grass plants from the soil. ラウンドアップ ラウンドアップ It also reduced the need to tillage and preserved the soil structure.

The Roundup Ready GMOs case was the next.
Monsanto scientists were inspired by the amazing advances in recombinant DNA technology during the 1970s. They recognized the numerous benefits for farmers who benefited if Roundup (r) could directly be applied to their crops to control the growth of weeds. The challenge was first tackled by a small team of scientists, led by Dr. Ernie Jaworski (Rob Horsch and Steve Rogers), In the early 1980s this group had developed the first systems to introduce specific genes into plants. Our attention shifted to developing virus-resistant as well as insect-resistant and Roundup-tolerant plants.

It was discovered that Roundup inhibited the production of aromatic amino acids in plants. This explains Roundup’s extremely safe for mammals. Also, glyphosate was quickly degraded in soils by microorganisms. By the mid-1980s our scientists had discovered both plant and microbial genes which conferred higher tolerance to herbicides through laboratory testing. In 1987, the USDA approved the first field test of Roundup Ready plants. It was a genetically altered variety of tomato plants that were resistant to Roundup. In the following years, the Roundup Ready trait originated from bacteria and isolated.

Let's take soybeans as an illustration. First, we need to address two issues. What are Roundup Ready soybeans? How are they made? Roundup Ready Soybeans is an engineered genetically modified variety of soybeans that has had its DNA changed to protect them from Roundup, an herbicide. They are resistant to glyphosate as each soybean seed has had the Roundup Ready gene injected into it before it is planted. This allows farmers to spray their fields with herbicide without killing their crops.

As you can see, the introduction Roundup Ready crops in 1996 revolutionized agriculture and farming science! Roundup resistance quickly became a popular plant in the U.S. More than 90% of U.S. soybeans, corn, cotton, and canola fields now utilize this biotech trait. Roundup Ready crops simplified and enhanced weed control systems. This resulted in increased crop yields. It also reduced the need to tilde, cut down on equipment costs, and made harvesting easier due to fewer the amount of weeds. ラウンドアップ One of the major environmental benefits has been the increased adoption of conservation tillage: by the reduction of plowing, farmers have reduced energy consumption and GHG emissions while preserving soil structure and reducing erosion. It was the equivalent of taking away 28.4 Billion kg carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, or 12.4 M vehicles off the road for a single year (Source . PG Economics.
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