Notes

Benefits of genetically modified plants over weeds

The wild plants may possess the advantage of resistance to herbicides.

Credit Xiao Yang
One common genetic-modification method employed to make crops resistant to herbicides has been shown to offer advantages over weedy forms of rice. This suggests that this genetic modification could also have potential to impact wild animals.

A range of crops has been modified genetically so that they are immune to Roundup herbicide glyphosate. Farmers can get rid of weeds in their fields using glyphosate and not harm their crops due to this resistance.

Glyphosate may hinder the growth of plants by blocking EPSP synase which is an enzyme involved in the production amino acids and other chemicals that make up about 35% of the plant's mass. ラウンドアップ Genetic modification -- employed, for example, in the Roundup Ready crops made by the biotech giant Monsanto located in St Louis, Missouri -generally involves inserting genes into a plant's genome to increase the production of EPSP synthase. Genes are usually derived from bacteria that infects the crops.

ラウンドアップ The plant is able to withstand the effects of glyphosate because of the additional EPSP synthase. Biotechnology labs have also attempted to create EPSP-synthase that is more plant-based than bacteria, using genes derived that come from plants. ラウンドアップ This was partly used to take advantage of the loophole in US law that allows regulatory approval for species that are not derived from bacteria or parasites.

https://rd.listing.yahoo.co.jp/p/search/GU=A8_-J2MAAFYZfPZ4bluUD-X08iX1D_MaVyRZ_XX7-gky3MV5n_lbGkUcFVm4EKwm2N2TC-i8B4x5IXxTL0cQ-WiJWMlCxTPKZ3PGJ4LOMrR2UEPn0xiLQ4ZkEwfezOIrVSxWZpZj3w1938tPdEcXOz_HY59KKdaCR6VUsDfjy7qIHSJ08NkbwBjno6_TiYiBHUW61Wdtt5ux7TRNX0GbShT7e3ranI1UDYVD7-FD3z3Jez2Ona9LCHJaevcSYDfnVm8bSql8Z_tVnHpWTwr-HPi3m8X4v3jjVAYY2t9O4qmgRrZSFbB9KuWg4nMqrftPdruwn2LcdD36DAWkG12Rs2Fi_KTu0aaOJuc5H6d69j6Ov_SWmvhGjkzIByYnWGYw0HeIcnfDNYZGDx32gXesMaEcFAGQz75T5rDMpqOqlL34mP-ZDGE8nl6PNqkY3DbUpNK7vryvWi9beVo4h0m7eUreRRLDdi63tPk2peRGymDemSOz0QzNQZea049ZF2rfvnztEi70cUw-D5sc3DnIP1mNrSTwhRre3CP0DM9x2OchoJB11SA7OX2R71y82DyKiWs1thLwTCx63AYghF0ym2W_Z2NRNJbCZjVqJixNR4UrrPRa552jQQixpJ6GQmr4N9Pgxo-ugt767N9ssrQOTYyBk785699dY_tT9vO1fIzmCo63iXhwE0jdjUAtlxmhOT_e-Ielr8Hhu4i3c1fCv_kBDJrH5kiaSXxA8rH8XF7Vegd2hUUhV_vc0fpX8esEdB4V_7D_pLj-36y_aM8hFp-kwj7rfuY;/?ep=A8_-J2MAAPVgtSJKWnUIT-g2uARZ5648rjJLP24FSKjCHtsRWlfAHWbhBD4S5lrmb8h5YWSMAOuvLoAHG2f5g8fENGDsvVfRgo8_ptc8TnPxeQxRwWwvCI-MJ5Podp6QozphuIkECGKeYRhNJ-UHhkYjW6e0dMoRWq_8WJRm-FFL3bbJ1jSP35Iy8H3_PbcX4hpfUjJvnJaVEXFeHlhg9bpneNP1GrxriT-Hlg&v=2 There aren't many studies that have examined whether transgeneslike those that confer resistance to glyphosate, could increase the resilience of plants to surviving and reproduce once they cross-pollinate with weedy or wild species. Norman Ellstrand of the University of California, Riverside, stated that the conventional expectation was that any transgene would be detrimental to nature if there is no selection pressure. This is because extra machines would reduce the fitness.

Lu Baorong of Fudan University in Shanghai is currently challenging this view. The study shows that resistance to glyphosate even when not applied to a weedy type of rice crop could provide a substantial health boost.

The study was published in 1. Lu and his colleagues have genetically modified rice to enhance its EPSP synthase activity and crossed it with a weedy relative.

The team allowed the offspring of cross-breeding to cross-breed with each other to create second-generation hybrids. They were identical genetically with the exception of the amount of EPSP synthase genes they had. The researchers found that the hybrids that had more copies of the gene that encodes EPSP synthase had more enzyme expression and also produced more tryptophan as expected.

Researchers also found that transgenic hybrids are more photogenic, they produced more plants per plant and had 48-125 percent more seeds than varieties that were not transgenic.

Lu suggests that making rice that is weedy more competitive could make the problem worse for farmers across the world who's fields are being infested by the pest.

ラウンドアップ Brian Ford-Lloyd is a UK plant geneticist and says, "If the EPSP synthase gene gets in the wild rice species their genetic diversity could be threatened which is really crucial because the genotype that has transgene outcompetes the normal species." "This is among the most clear examples of highly plausible negative impacts [of GM crops] on the environment."

The study also challenges the idea that crops with genetically modified genes containing extra copies of their genes are more safe than those that contain microorganisms' genes. "Our study proves that this isn't always the case," says Lu.

According to some researchers, the finding suggests that future regulation of genetically engineered crops should be rethought. ラウンドアップ "Some people are now suggesting that biosafety regulations can be relaxed because we have an extremely high level of satisfaction with two years of genetic engineering" says Ellstrand. "But the study proved that the new technologies still require careful analysis."


Website: https://pesticide.maff.go.jp/agricultural-chemicals/details/14360