Notes

Genetically modified crops are more beneficial than weeds

Plants in the wild could be treated with herbicides.

Credit Xiao Yang
The use of genetic modification to make crops resistant to herbicides has been extensively employed to create advantages for species of rice that are weedy. ラウンドアップ This suggests that the effects of such modifications could extend beyond the confines of farms into the wild.

Many crops are genetically modified in order to ward off glyphosate. This herbicide was first available under the trade name Roundup. Farmers can eradicate most herbicides from their fields using this glyphosate-resistant crop without damaging their crops.

Glyphosate hinders growth of plants by blocking an enzyme known as EPSP synthase. It is responsible for the production of certain amino acids and other molecules that account for about 35% of a plant's mass. https://www.kaunet.com/rakuraku/spook3/main?Keyword=%83%89%83E%83%93%83h%83A%83b%83v%83%7D%83b%83N%83X%83%8D%81%5B%83h&ShowList=1 The genetic modification method used for Roundup Ready crops by Monsanto (based in St Louis in Missouri) involves inserting genetic material in a plant to boost EPSP-synthase output. The genes typically come from bacteria that infect plants.

The additional EPSP synthase allows the plant to resist the effects of glyphosate. Biotechnology labs are also attempting to utilize genes from plants instead of bacteria to boost EPSP synthase. ラウンドアップ 古い This is due to the fact that the US law permits approval by the regulatory authorities to allow organisms that have transgenes to be recognized as acceptable.

ラウンドアップ Few studies have explored the possibility that transgenes that confer glyphosate tolerance could -- after they become weedy , or wild relatives through cross-pollinatingenhance the plant's survival and reproduce. Norman Ellstrand is a University of California Riverside plant geneticist. ラウンドアップ 藤 "The assumption is that any transgene can cause disadvantage in the wild, in the absence of pressure to select, since it could reduce the fitness of the plant," Ellstrand said.

Lu Baorong of Fudan University in Shanghai is currently challenging this view. The study demonstrates that glyphosate resistance , even when applied to the weedy varieties of the rice crop could provide a substantial health boost.

Lu and his colleagues modified the cultivars of rice to produce more EPSP synthase. They also crossed the modified rice with a weedy-related. Their findings were published in NewPhytologist 1..

The team then allowed offspring cross-bred to breed with one another, resulting in second generation hybrids that were genetically identical to their parents, except for the number of copies of the gene that encodes EPSP synthase. The researchers found that the hybrids with more copies of the gene that encodes EPSP synthase expressed more enzymes and produced more tryptophan, which is what we expected.

Researchers also discovered that plants with transgenic genes had higher rates for photosynthesis and produced more flowers and produced 48-125% fewer seeds per plant than the nontransgenic hybrids. This was in spite of the fact that glyphosate was not present.

Making the weedy rice more competitive may exacerbate the problems it causes for farmers all over the world whose plots are invaded by pests, Lu says.

ラウンドアップ "If the EPSP-synthase gene is introduced in the wild rice species, their genetic diversity, which is really vital to preserve is at risk because the genotype with the transgene will outcompete the natural species" says Brian Ford-Lloyd an expert in plant genetics at the University of Birmingham, UK. "This is one illustration of the most probable and damaging impacts of GM crops on the environment."

The public believes that genetically modified plants that have more copies of their own genes than microorganisms are safer. This belief is not supported by the study. Lu says that the study "shows that this isn't always true".

The research results call for a review of future regulation of the genetically altered crops, scientists claim. Ellstrand believes that biosafety regulations could be relaxed as we can have a great level of comfort from two decades worth of genetic engineering. "But the study shows that the new technologies require cautious examination."


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