Notes

What Causes Colon Cancer?
Colon cancer is a condition which begins in the colon. The colon is an integral part of the digestive system, and its primary function is to absorb waste from the stomach and the small bowel. This waste is then passed into the large intestine which is a lengthy, muscular tube. Once inside the intestine processes the waste and then passes it through the rectum, and out of the body.

Polyps

The colon is a place where polyps are common, especially in older individuals. These tumors typically begin as harmless growths within the tissue. They may appear as flat, raised or slightly indented polyps. Some plants have a stalk to the colon's surface however, others do not.

Pills to cleanse colon can be removed by a physician by using an endoscopic procedure. This process enables a surgeon to remove the polyp beneath the colon's surface and thus preventing the remaining cells from growing. Doctors can also detect the development of the polyp during this procedure. When polyps are removed, patients can undergo follow-up tests to look for any recurrence. Some people may opt to take regular aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications. The use of these medications can lower the chance of polyps coming back.

Genetic mutations

Many genetic defects are recognized to cause colorectal tumors. These gene defects include MSH2 and MLH1 which are located on the chromosome 2. These genes produce protein products that aid in the repair of errors in DNA replication. These types of mutations are usually caused by a defect in the gene or a hereditary disorder.

If your mother, father or siblings suffer from colon cancer, you could have a higher chance of developing it. While it is important to visit your doctor at least once per year for regular checkups, your doctor may suggest genetic screening and counseling.

Diet

Although there isn't a specific cause of colon cancer, it is likely that your diet plays a part in your risk. People who eat a Western diet are more likely to develop colon and rectum cancer. There are ways to decrease your risk, however. The Western diet is high in animal products vegetables, vegetable oils, and highly refined plant foods.


Research has proven that a high-fiber diet loaded with vegetables and fruits lowers the risk of colon cancer. However, red meats and processed meat may increase your risk. These meats are loaded with high levels of sodium and nitrates, known carcinogens. Fast food is also not a good choice. It contains high amounts of sodium and fewer fruits and vegetables. Alcohol can cause cancer if consumed and also cause damage to the colon's lining.

Race

There are many factors that link race and colon cancer. African-Americans are most likely to be diagnosed with colon cancer at an earlier age than Caucasians, possibly due to a genetic or biological predisposition. Although current guidelines for screening call for colonoscopy and diagnostic imaging by 50 years of age however this could be too late for a lot of African-Americans. Certain studies have revealed that right-sided colon cancer is more common in blacks, which may make it more difficult for screening tests to detect. Additionally, the mortality associated with CRC is associated with advancing age at diagnosis, possibly due to the weakening immune response.

Race is a topic that has been controversial about colon cancer, since the impact of race on prognosis are not fully understood. To determine if the survival rate of colon cancer is associated with race, scientists utilized the Cancer Information Reference File database (CIRF). They compared survival rates between White and African-American patients who have colon cancer (CCa). While not all of these differences were statistically significant however, the study concluded that white patients were more likely to survive than African-Americans.

Treatment

There are many options for treating colon cancer. Some of these options include chemotherapy and surgery. Radiation therapy is another option. Radiation therapy is also used to treat cancers that have spread to nearby lymph nodes and organs. The treatments are known as adjuvant treatments. Radiation therapy is a viable alternative to surgery when surgery is not feasible.

The treatment for colon cancer is contingent on the stage of the disease. Patients suffering from stage 0 disease do not have cancer that has spread beyond the colon. If the cancer of the colon is contained within the colon lining, then surgery can be performed to eliminate it. If the cancer is too large to be removed by surgery A partial colectomy could be necessary.

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