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A typical polygraph examination will consist of a duration described as a pre-test interview, a chart collection phase and a test information analysis phase. During the pre-test, the polygraph examiner will complete needed documents and talk with the examinee about the test, responding to any concerns the examinee might have. It is during this phase that the examiner will go over the test concerns and acquaint the examinee with the testing procedure. Throughout the chart collection phase the examiner will administer and gather a variety of polygraph charts. The number of concerns and the variety of charts will vary, depending upon the number of problems and technique used. Following Polygraphe Montreal , the examiner will examine the charts and render an opinion regarding the truthfulness of the examinee. The examiner, when proper, will use the examinee an opportunity to describe physiological responses in relation to several questions presented during the test.

Let us first define what a polygraph test is. A polygraph test is a test that determines the body's physical reactions to concerns that are targeted at obtaining truthful information. Among the earliest attempts at determining truthfulness using physical actions was Lombroso's Glove. Lombroso's Glove was invented by Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso, and it was a method used in the late 1800s in which the individual being tested put their hand in a rubber glove that was then immersed in water. The individual's flow of blood was then measured while their hand was in the water; reduced high blood pressure was seen as a sign of deception.

While the polygraph technique is highly accurate, it is not infallible and mistakes do take place - as holds true with any test. Polygraph errors may be triggered by the examiner's failure to appropriately prepare the examinee for the examination, or by a misreading of the physiological data on the polygraph charts. Similar to any test including human beings, it's possible for an examiner to do everything correctly and still have the test lead to an error. Errors are typically described as either incorrect positives or incorrect negatives. An incorrect positive happens when a sincere examinee is reported as being misleading; an incorrect negative, when a deceptive examinee is reported as honest. Since it is recognized that any mistake is harmful, examiners use a range of treatments to identify the existence of elements which may cause mistakes or an impartial review of the polygraph records.

Screening test accuracy: To date, there have actually been only a limited variety of research study projects on the precision of polygraph in screening contexts, mainly because of the difficulty in establishing ground reality in real life situations. However, since the same physiological procedures are taped and the exact same fundamental physiological concepts might use in both event-specific and screening examinations, there is little reason to think that such testing is of no value in screening circumstances as some challengers claim. With that stated, nevertheless, the variety of concerns, the absence of a known event together with other factors likely lead to lower typical precisions than seen in event-specific testing circumstances.

According to the numerous state licensing laws and the American Polygraph Association's Standards and Principles of Practice, polygraph results can be released just to authorized individuals. Typically those individuals who can receive test results are the examinee and anybody specifically designated in writing by the examinee, the person, firm, corporation or governmental agency that asked for the examination, and others as may be required by law.

The instrument usually utilized to perform polygraph tests consists of a physiological recorder that evaluates three indicators of free arousal: heart rate/blood pressure, respiration, and skin conductivity. The majority of examiners today use computerized recording systems. Rate and depth of respiration are measured by pneumographs wrapped around a topic's chest. Cardiovascular activity is assessed by a blood pressure cuff. Skin conductivity (called the galvanic skin or electrodermal action) is measured through electrodes connected to a topic's fingertips.
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