Notes

What is Roundup Ready?
What is Roundup ready and what are Roundup-ready plants? Roundup Ready is the trademark term used to describe a variety of genetically modified crops that are intolerant to Roundup. These are referred to as Roundup Ready crops.

Who invented Roundup?
Glyphosate, which is the active ingredient in Roundup was first identified as an herbicide in the year 1970 by Monsanto chemist, John Franz. At that time in the agricultural industry, most herbicides were pre-emergent. This means they were applied before the weeds and crops emerged. The remarkable post-emergent efficacy of glyphosate to control large amounts of broadleaf grass weeds was astonishing. This, coupled with its exceptional environmental (soil degradation, rapid degradation, etc.) as well as toxicological properties (extremely toxic for mammals (and beneficial organisms) which resulted in a product that was outstanding.

In what year was Roundup first created?
ラウンドアップ Roundup (r) was first introduced to the market in 1974. It is an herbicide with a wide range that quickly became a global leader. Roundup(r) was initially used to treat ditches, railway tracks, and on fields between the seasons of growth, quickly rose to the forefront. This allowed farmers and ranchers to control broadleaf and grass plants that had sprung up from the soil.

The Roundup Ready GMOs were next.
Monsanto scientists were inspired by amazing advances in recombinant DNA technology during the 1970s. They realized the numerous benefits for farmers when Roundup (r) could directly be applied to their crops to control the growth of weeds. ラウンドアップ The issue was initially addressed by a small group of scientists led by Dr Ernie Jaworski (Rob Horsch and Steve Rogers), The group had already devised the first technology to introduce genes to plants by the mid-80s. Then, we turned our attention towards creating virus–resistant and insect-resistant Roundup-tolerant varieties of cropping.

ラウンドアップ It was known that glyphosate may have inhibited the biochemical process in plants that produced aromatic amino acids (animals and people do not have this pathway, which is why Roundup has a high degree of mammal-specific safety) and also that glyphosate is broken down very rapidly in the soil by microorganisms. Researchers from our lab discovered plant and microbe genes that conferred resistance to herbicides. The USDA approved the first field testing of Roundup Ready plants in 1987. The Roundup-resistant plant was genetically modified tomatoes which were resistant to Roundup. In the following decades it was discovered that the Roundup Ready gene that would become the primary characteristic of the Roundup Ready crop was discovered. The gene was isolated and then introduced into the crops.

Let's look at soybeans, as an illustration. We will answer the questions: What are Roundup Ready soybeans? How are Roundup ready soybeans made. Roundup Ready soybeans are genetically engineered in order to be capable of resisting the herbicide Roundup. This soybean is tolerant to Roundup because every seed is equipped with the gene that is afflicted with Roundup before it is planted. ラウンドアップ Farmers can use Roundup Ready gene in their fields to spray and not harm their crops.

As you can observe, the introduction of Roundup Ready crops in 1996 changed farming and agricultural science! ラウンドアップ Roundup resistance soon became a popular crop in the United States. More than 90 percent of U.S. soybeans as well as cotton, corn and canola fields now utilize this biotech characteristic. Roundup Ready crops were easy to use and enhanced weed control systems. This has led to higher yields of crops. It also decreased the amount of tillage required, decreased costs for equipment and made harvesting simpler due to fewer herbicides. Conservation tillage has brought a major environmental benefit. https://www.shopping-charm.jp/product/2c2c2c2c-2c2c-2c2c-2c2c-313038373831 Farmers have decreased their energy usage and emissions of GHGs by using smaller plowing. This helps preserve soil structure and slows erosion. This was equivalent to removing 28.4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It also signifies that 12.4 millions of cars were eliminated from the roads each year. (Source: and PG Economics).
Homepage: https://www.zennoh.or.jp/eigi/research/pdf/gr334_06.pdf