Notes

Blocks
Each block in the blockchain begins with a block header, which contains a hash of the previous block's header, the timestamp, and the Merkle root of the transactions in the block. The timestamp is used to prevent malicious editing of the ledger and serve as a distributed clock to synchronize network time with a single shared reference time. https://free-solitaire.online/ The merkle root is used to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the transactions in the block. Once a block is hashed and verified, it is added to the blockchain.

In the bitcoin network, miners, through the use of cryptographic mining, determine how many bitcoins to include in a block. The mining software gathers transactions into a pool, hashes the transactions to create a hash of the block, then solves a complex hashing problem using the hash as the input. The problem is to find a number that, when hashed, produces a hash equal to the hash of the block header. This is an example of a one-way function. Once found, the miner with the winning solution reveals her solution to the network by “mining” a block and adding it to the blockchain. The block may or may not be a valid block, because the process only checks for the validity of the hash. The block header is hashed with the hash of the block header in the previous block, which serves as the previous hash in the hash. The miner is rewarded with transaction fees and newly released bitcoin. After the miner has solved the proof-of-work problem, the block of transactions is secured by the miner’s computing power, as long as it collectively satisfies a difficulty target, which determines the amount of hashes required per block.: 219–231

Every block contains a link to the previous block's block header. This is a chain of blocks. Blocks approximately every 10 minutes are created in a fixed time interval. The previous hash of the block header in this link is hashed again and stored in the Merkle tree of the block.

For every transaction in the block, the block is linked to the previous block header in the chain using the transaction output Merkle tree. This allows the blockchain to be verified as a single, immutable, chronologically ordered list of verified transactions.: 217–219

The chronological sequence of headers in the block chain is called the blockchain ledger. Individual transactions in the block chain are identified by their inclusion in a block. The blocks' headers (including Merkle Roots) are published to
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