Notes

Intentional injuries are injuries resulting from violence. It can be divided into two:
self-inflicted, when a person harms himself/herself on purpose and assault, when
person/persons harm another individual on purpose.
Conceptual Framework for Intentional Injuries:
Suicide and Parasuicide
Suicide is the intentional taking of one’s own life. Many of those who attempt suicide do
not receive mental and emotional counseling for their families try to hide the problem
because they are ashamed of it. Because of this, the problem is not solved and attempt to
commit suicide happens again.

Parasuicide is a suicide attempt in which a person does not intend to die. It is often
a cry for help meaning, the person wants others to know what he/she is feeling. Despite
this, parasuicide should be taken seriously because it may lead to death.
B. Domestic Violence
It is an act that includes physical assault (hitting, pushing, shoving, etc.) sexual abuse
unwanted or forced sexual activity), and verbal abuse. These are behaviors that are used by
one person in a relationship who tries to control the other. This may occur to partners who
may be married or not. They may be heterosexual or homosexual (gay or lesbian) couples
and may be living together, separated, or dating.

C. Bullying
It is an unwanted aggressive behavior. The behavior is repeated or can be repeated
overtime. Both kids who are bullied and who bully others may have serious, lasting
problems.

Classification of Bullying:
1. Verbal bullying – saying or writing mean and nasty things. It includes: teasing, namecalling, making inappropriate sexual comments, taunting and threatening to cause
harm.
2. Social bullying sometimes referred to as relational bullying – hurting someone’s
reputation or relationships. It includes: telling other children not to be friends with
someone, spreading rumors about someone, embarrassing someone in public.
3. Physical bullying – hurting a person’s body or destroying his/her possessions.
It includes hitting/kicking/pinching/spitting/tripping/pushing/taking or breaking
someone’s things/making mean or rude hand gestures.
5. Cyber bullying -verbal and social bullying done through use of technology and
electronic means. It includes using social media [i.e facebook, twitter, etc.]
Using mobile device [i.e cellphone] using electronic mails [i.e e-mails ]
D. Stalking
Stalking is a pattern of behavior that make you feel afraid, nervous, harassed or in
danger. It is when someone repeatedly contacts you, follows you, sends you things, and
talks to you , even when you don’t want them to. It is very threatening to the person being
stalked because the behaviors and actions of the stalker often invade his/her privacy.
Stalking behaviors involve actions such as: knowing your schedule, showing up at places you
go to, sending mail, e-mail and pictures, calling or texting repeatedly, contacting you or
posting about you on social networking sites ( facebook, twitter, etc) damaging your
property, creating a web site about you, sending gifts, stealing things that belong to you or
any other actions to contact, harass, track or frighten you.
E. Extortion
It is the act of using force or threats to force people to hand over their money or
property on favors. Extortion can happen outside or near schools wherein children are
victimized or give up their allowance, in exchange for promise that they will not be beaten
up. The act is different from robbery. In robbery, there is a very real and very immediate
violence. In extortion, a person may only suffer from the fear of harm if he/she gives in to
the demand/s of the one who extorts.
F. Gang and youth violence
A gang is defined as a relatively tough, mostly street- based group of young people
who regard themselves and may be seen by others as a group that engages in a range of
criminal activity and violence. Oftentimes, they are in conflict with other similar gangs.

Young people join gangs and groups for lots of reasons. One of these is their need to
belong, be included or be part of a group they can identify themselves with. This is
oftentimes true for those who do not feel a sense of belongingness or care at home.
G. Illegal Fraternity-Related Violence
A fraternity is a group of people with similar backgrounds, occupations, interests or
tastes. The youth may think of several benefits in joining a fraternity. They may see it as a

gain in power and protection, as fraternities have a reputation for being a powerful group.
Since most fraternities are based in colleges and universities, some would join for academic
support.
However, it is not easy to join fraternities since fraternity members would require an
applicant to undergo series of initiation rites to become part of the “brotherhood”. One of
these is hazing, or activities that involve harassment, abuse, or humiliation. Hazing can be
very dangerous to applicants, as they will be subjected to physical and psychological
suffering like being beaten with wooden paddles which may cause them lots of injuries.
Some even die in the process, that is why physical hazing is prohibited under RA 8049, or
known as the “Anti-Hazing Law “.
H. Kidnapping and Abduction
Kidnapping is taking away or forcefully moving a person against his/her will and
holding him/her in unjust captivity. The act is usually done for a motive like getting a
monetary reward/ransome or getting some sort of benefit from the person or their family.
Abduction is the use of deceit or force in order to take a person or a child away from
their home or relatives. In abduction, the victim usually knows or has some sort of relation
with the abductor.
I. Verbal Abuse.
Verbal abuse is a form of cruelty that involves the use of words. These words are
used to attack, control and cause harm on another person. It includes behaviors such as
angry outburst, screaming rage, and name calling which tends to blame and brainwashes
and threatens a person. This is done because the goal of the verbal abuser is to control and
sway the victim.
J. Sexual Abuse (Incest, Molestation and Rape)
Incest is sexual contact between persons who are so closely related that a marriage
between them is considered illegal (e.g., parents and children, uncles/aunts and nieces/
Nephews, etc.)
Molestation is the sexual abuse of a person (whether a child or adult) by an adult for
sexual pleasure or for profit.
Rape is a forced sexual intercourse. A sexual act may also be considered if it satisfies
any of the following criteria:
* One or both people are not old enough to consent, which means one or both of
them are below 18 years old.
* One of them does not have the capacity to consent, which means one of them may
not be in his / her right mental and legal capacity to consent ( i.e. with mental disability,
people who have been drugged or unconscious, etc. )
*One of them did not agree to take part, which means the rapist might use physical
force or threat to force the victim to have intercourse with him/her.
K . Acts of Terror or Terrorism
It is the use of violence for political goals and putting the public or a great number of
people in fear. The purpose of these terrorist groups is to produce terror in their victims
through the use of violence, fear and pressure.

Acts of terror may be categorized into six:
State terrorism – states or government can use force or the threat of force, without
declaring war, to terrorize their citizens and achieve a political goal.

1. Bioterrorism – refers to the intentional release of toxic biological agents to harm and
terrorize civilians, in the name of political or other cause. It includes viruses, bacteria
and toxins that could be used in an attack.
2. Cyberterrorism – is the use of information technology to attack civilians and draw
attention to the terrorists’ group. It refers to an attack on information technology
itself in a way that would drastically disturb network services.
3. Ecoterrorism – the use of violence in the interests of environmentalism. In general,
environmental extremist destroys property to inflict economic damage on industries
or factors they see as harming animals or the natural environment.
4. Nuclear terrorism – refers to a number of different ways nuclear materials might be
used as terrorist tactic.
5. Narcoterrorism – the use of violence by drug traffickers to influence governments or
prevent government’s efforts in stopping the drug trade.