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A block header is a variable size struct containing the hash of the previous block. An exact copy of the block header is placed at the beginning of each block and serves as the basis for verification. Linking the headers together forms the chain of blocks that began with the original bitcoin client in January 2009.
Block creation
The bitcoin software makes a new bitcoin block look like this. Each block is made up of:
A merkle root, that serves as a way for bitcoin nodes to verify the block is valid without having to download the whole chain. This is achieved by having all nodes aggregate all transactions that have taken place before that block, generating a one-way hash of the transactions called the Merkle root.
A timestamp, to prevent the attacker from making fraudulent blocks. The use of the Unix time as a timestamp was an intentional design decision to allow for use in a permissionless environment.
An identifier for the previous block in the chain, used to prevent miners from including two different versions of the same block in the blockchain. Identifiers are derived from the most significant bit of the block's timestamp. This prevents miners from creating bitcoins out of thin air.
Block verification
Once a client receives a block, they can attempt to solve a proof-of-work puzzle to verify the block. An easy way to verify the work is to check that the merkle root provided is a valid hash. https://rolfor.ru/ The Bitcoin protocol states that any block whose merkle root is the same hash as one of the other blocks in the chain, is considered valid by this client. An attacker can create their own version of history by creating a block whose merkle root is the same as any block that was mined after the block they want to mine.
All of the data in the block header and all of the transactions in the block are included in the merkle tree. The merkle root of each block in the chain can be calculated by taking the merkle root of the block header as the base level of the tree, and then taking the merkle root of all transactions in the block as the next level. For example, the merkle root of the genesis block is 000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000. All of the transactions in the block are included at the same level in the tree. Let's say the next level is bc95deca473483f3d0ef1b5dca09b4dee50e1f
My Website: https://rolfor.ru/
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