Notes

there were about 100,000 blocks in the blockchain. At the time of writing the longest chain contained 55,000 blocks, while the second longest chain contained approximately 10,000 blocks.
If a node attempts to add a block to the blockchain that is invalid, i.e., a hash that does not begin with certain characters, or that is otherwise inconsistent with the rest of the chain, the node will reject it and update its copy of the ledger to remove it.

Blockchain analysis

The consensus rules for validating blocks are broadly referred to as proof-of-work, and they were designed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2007. These proof-of-work rules require all blocks to be cryptographically bound to, and linked to, a previous block in the ledger, which is done by creating a proof-of-work that is based on hashing the block header of the proposed block into a nonce. The nonce is a number used to randomly select a block in the ledger and to help prevent attacks that double-spend on the ledger, by making it harder for an attacker to create a chain of blocks that is longer than the longest chain.

The proof-of-work function is simple and has two basic steps. First the miner creating the block must solve a difficult puzzle, which is done by using a nonce as a random input to a hash function which is run on the block's header. The second and optional step is to publish a block to the blockchain when the puzzle is solved. Typically, a miner will begin solving a block at the genesis block, and will continue to the next block every 1024 blocks. This solves the problem of the block interval, where the difficulty of generating a hash that begins with a certain number of zeroes is adjusted approximately every two weeks.

The amount of time required to solve the puzzle is based on the difficulty target, which was initially set to 1.0 billion, later raised to 2.0 billion. Currently, the difficulty target is approximately 25.0 billion. Miners verify the blocks created against the target, and add them to the blockchain. The incentive for attempting to do so is that blocks must be added to the blockchain before a certain number of blocks (21,000) to be considered valid. This creates a limit to how quickly miners can create a block, as it becomes increasingly difficult to find a nonce that passes the proof-of-work test. https://hdreska0.xyz/ A proof-of-work function is used
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