Notes

History
The concept of the blockchain was introduced in 2008 by a programmer named Satoshi Nakamoto, who described it as a "public ledger for all transactions" in a 2008 paper. This was first developed as a prototype in a reference implementation named bitcoind and later as an open source client named bitcoin-core. https://pin-up-casino-ruskiy.com/ It was released as open source software in 2009 and described in a paper authored by
V. R. Bogomolov, Pieter Wuille, and Gregory Maxwell.

In February 2009, the bitcoin network came into existence when the first block was created and received by two peers on the network. After this, the blockchain was adopted as the main data structure of bitcoin by releasing the source code of the implementation in a repository.






Implementation

Overview





Data structure
Each block of a blockchain has a header, the hash of the previous block, and a body, which is a linked list of transactions that were included in that block. Each block also contains a reference to its genesis block, an anchor for the chain that starts the ledger, and the hash of its parent block.





Synchronization

Blockchain nodes can synchronize by downloading the blockchain's data, adding it to a database, and sending it to other nodes. As of January 2013, the longest chain contains 18.8 million blocks, while the shortest chain contains all blocks that were generated over time.





Validation

The bitcoin protocol specifies the contents of each block within the blockchain and how a node will verify it. Before publishing a given block, a miner will hash the previous block (the block that contains the specified contents) and then an ephemeral nonce that was included in the genesis block along with a cryptographic signature. The miner's nonce is then incremented by 1 and hashed a second time. The output of the hash function is the hash of the block contents; the miner will include this hashed block contents in the next block.

Once a node receives a block, it will hash the block's contents and compare the result to the stored copy of the previous block. If the hashed values match, then the node will ensure that the current block contains the contents that were specified in the previous block. If not, the node will reject it. After checking each block, the node will write it to a local database to keep a local copy of the entire blockchain. Once complete, the
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