Notes

What is Roundup Ready?
What is Roundup Ready? And what are Roundup-ready crops? Roundup Ready is a trademark name for a patent-pending line of genetically modified crop seeds that are immune to the herbicide that is based on glyphosate called Roundup. These are the crops that are known as Roundup Ready.

Who came up with Roundup?
John Franz, Monsanto's chemist who first discovered Glyphosate as an herbicide in Roundup in the year 1970. Pre-emergent herbicides were used in the ag industry in the ag sector at the time. They were applied before the crop or weeds appeared. The unique post-emergent effectiveness of glyphosate to control vast amounts of broadleaf weeds was awe-inspiring. This, along with its remarkable environmental properties (soil degradation and rapid degradation, etc.) as well as toxicological characteristics (extremely toxic for mammals (and beneficial organisms) and resulted in a product that was outstanding.

When was Roundup launched?
Roundup (r) was introduced onto the market in 1974. It is an herbicide for all kinds of plants that quickly became a global market leader. Roundup(r) was initially used along railway tracks, in ditches, and on fields in between the growing seasons. This helped farmers control grass and broadleaf weeds that grew from the soil, thereby lessening the need to the tillage process, while also preserving soil structure, and reducing soil erosion.

The next step was Roundup Ready GMOs.
Monsanto scientists were inspired by remarkable breakthroughs in the field of recombinant DNA technology during the 1970s. They recognized the numerous advantages for farmers who benefited if Roundup (r) could directly be applied to their crops in order to reduce weeds. https://www.snowseed.co.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/grass/grass_199606_04.pdf Ernie Jaworski led a small group that included Steve Rogers, Rob Horsch and me to work on this issue. The first systems for introducing gene into plants were devised by this group in the early 1980s. After that, our focus shifted towards creating resistant to viruses, insectresistant, insect resistant, and Roundup-tolerant crops.

It was known that glyphosate likely inhibited the biochemical pathway in plants that produced aromatic amino acids (animals and people do not have this pathway, that is the reason for Roundup's high degree of mammal-specific safety) and also that glyphosate's breakdown occurred very rapidly in the soil by microorganisms. In the mid-1980s our scientists had discovered both plant and microbial genes that conferred increased herbicide tolerance through laboratory testing. In 1987, the USDA authorized the first field test of Roundup Ready plants. It was a Roundup-resistant crop of genetically modified tomato plants that were tolerant to Roundup. ラウンドアップ 除草剤 使い方 https://www.askul.co.jp/ksearch/?searchWord=ラウンドアップ 除草剤 In the following years, the Roundup Ready trait from bacteria was discovered and identified.

Let's examine soybeans as an example, by addressing the questions: What is Roundup Ready soybeans? And how are Roundup Ready soybeans produced? Roundup Ready soybeans may be genetically engineered in order to be able to resist Roundup, the herbicide. The soybean is resistant to Roundup since each seed has the gene that is afflicted with Roundup before it is planted. ラウンドアップ This allows farmers to spray their fields with the herbicide without killing their crop.

You can see the fact that Roundup Ready crops were introduced in 1996 and transformed the agricultural sciences and agriculture. Farmers soon realized the advantages of Roundup resistance and its adoption was extremely rapid (today over 90% of the U.S. soybean, corn, cotton and canola fields use biotech traits for herbicide resistance). Roundup Ready crops are simpler and improved systems for controlling weeds and have resulted in better yields of the crop. ラウンドアップ 英語 In addition to decreasing the cost of equipment and tillage Roundup Ready crops facilitate harvests as there are fewer herbicides. The increase in the use of conservation tillage is an important environmental benefit. By cutting down on plowing, farmers cut down on the amount of energy used and also GHG emissions while maintaining soil structure and reducing erosion. In 2013 it was equivalent to the removal of 28 billion kilos of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or equivalent to removing 12.4 million cars from the roads for a year (Source: PG Economics).
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