Notes

Importance of Forensic Accounting in the countries of Business Opacity
When you hear concerning Enron, Conrad Black, Kimberly Rogers or WorldCom, one will definitely think about the theft, bribery, and fraud. The most important word here is "fraud"; where many studies have been conducted on the area. What is fraud and how is it detected and dealt with, and how is it possible to avoid it? These questions and the answers are the most important terms in the domain of forensic accounting, since fraud has played an important impact on the creation of accounting, resulting in forensic accounting. Understanding fraud is necessary for those looking to comprehend the nature of what Forensic Accounting is, how it has come into the system and how it deals with the challenges we face, and to what degree it has helped in certain issues of fraud, or even to strengthen the system of accounting in general (Economist Intelligence Unit, 2007).
Research has been conducted into fraud, and the results have been given various definitions, which all coincide with each other. Additional research was conducted to demonstrate the importance of internal controls in minimizing the likelihood of theft and fraud. But there was very little research conducted on the forensic accounting diffusion and their proper implementation.
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Frauds have been manipulating as well as stealing from and damaging numerous industries and businesses. To combat these harmful patterns, fraud examination is being developed; and significant efforts have been put into to discover, investigate and stop similar actions from encountering. These safeguards shed light on a new concept and practice known as "Forensic Accounting (FA)" and has since become an accepted method of fighting against fraud as well as other illegal practices. Whatever the extent to which fraud activities increase the need for an anti-fraud strategy to protect against it. In order to ensure that there is balance and protection is the primary reason FA existed.
Nonetheless the legal, supervisory, and regulatory system of financially corrupted nations create significant opportunities and tools to safeguard against the laundering of proceeds of crime, and let criminals who are able to make use of those systems to significantly increase their chances of being able to avoid an effective investigation or apprehension. A country's commitment to bank secret and the absence of crucial enforcement and supervisory mechanisms intended to stop and catch money laundering increase the likelihood that transactions that involve the country's entities and accounts can be used to conceal illegal purpose.
Since one of the most effective tools used today is the forensic accounting process, it's beneficial to research its potential implementation in countries with opaque business practices, and to probe the essential methods needed for the establishment of this method in various sectors and at different levels. In order to meet these goals, there is a need to study the following question in research: "What are the conditions of possibility for implementing FA in a country characterized by an opaque financial sector?" More specifically, this research has two goals:
1. Find the best method to highlight the importance of using forensic accounting to ensure the paths for the future of business activities through the lessons learned from previous mistakes , such as Enron and WorldCom and using different cases of financial fraud similar to international fraud.
2. To identify the way to spread and implement the concept of forensic accounting as an essential tool , when applied properly, can be extremely beneficial in helping to combat fraud.
Furthermore, the reason for this exists because forensic accounting is not recognized in many nations. FA isn't as widely all over the world, and is only known in USA as well as some developed countries. The research is aimed at finding the best way to implement FA especially in the context of the existing gaps, with the intention of addressing it, primarily because it's so difficult to implement forensic accounting, particularly that it is not diffused across the globe. The objective is to find an answer to the research question , and to show how forensic accounting can be implemented in countries that are characterized by an opaque financial sector. the goal is to reach this goal.

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