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《 人民日报海外版 》( 2014年01月11日 第 06 版)
杜老师:
在报刊上看到“藉此机会”的写法。请问其中“藉”的用法是否正确?谢谢。
南京读者 谢延年
谢延年:
“藉”有jiè和jí两个读音。
“藉”字读jiè时,常见的用法有:
1、表“垫在下面的东西”,也就是“垫子”,如“草藉”“以草为藉”。
2、动词,表(用东西)“垫、衬”,如“枕藉”(很多人交错地倒或躺在一起)、“藉茅”(用茅草垫着)。
3、表“抚慰”“安慰”,如“慰藉”。
4、用于“蕴藉”(表言语、文字、神情等含蓄而不显露)。例如“意味蕴藉”、“诗意蕴藉”、“蕴藉的笑意”、“端凝蕴藉,学者凤仪”。
在“假托”和“凭借”、“利用”的意义上,“藉”跟“借”是繁简关系。也就是说,在这个意义上,“藉”是“借”的繁体字,即“藉”是繁体字,“借”是简化字。从规范用字的角度说,我们应该写规范的“借故”、“借古讽今”、“凭借”等,不宜写夹用繁体字的“藉故”等。上面提到的“藉此机会”中的“藉”是“凭借”的意思,写成“藉”是不规范的,应当写作“借此机会”。
“藉”跟“借东西”的“借”没有繁简关系,“借东西”的“借”在汉字简化之前就写作“借”,而不是“藉”。《说文解字》说:“借,假也。”《左传·定公九年》中便有“尽借邑人之车”的用例。可见,“借东西”的“借”古已有之,如果把“借东西”的“借”写成“藉”,就成了错字了。
另外,“藉”还读jí表“杂乱”等意义,例如“狼藉”。
“藉”跟“籍”古时通用,例如“狼藉”有时也写成“狼籍”,但是现在不通用了,“籍贯”、“典籍”、“学籍”中的“籍”不宜写成“藉”。
《语言文字报》
原主编 杜永道
http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2014-01/11/content_1376728.htm
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