Notes

carbon is an essential component of organic molecules small in size never gain or lose shares electrons with other atoms has four valence shell electrons 4 covalent bonds. inorganic the role of water universal solvent ideal transport medium high heat capacity can absorb beat from heat reactions temp with not rise rapidly high heat of vaporization won't change to gas will remain fluid in the heart is very bad our joint has two bones and a sack that sticky if we don't have that which causes pain they can use a type injection to ease the pain , molecules in water hydrophilic water loving chemicals that dissolve or mix well in water polar hydrophobic non polar . salts mineral compounds with ionic bonds acids and bases ionically bonded substances H+ donor =proton donor the PH scale measures acidity and alkalinity scale ranges from 1 -14 1 is the most acid and the 14 is the most basic buffers weak acids or bases do not completely ionize in water stabilize the solution keep PH neutral do not H+ or OH accumulate most common buffer system carbonic acid clinical application metabolic acidosis too much acid accumulates in the animal body and the buffer system becomes overwhelmed example diabetes kidney diseases sign anorexia vomiting lethargy and muscle wasting decreased cardiac output= blood not going to organs treatment can be by using fluids . diabetes cats mean age 9 years type 2 (obesity) dogs mean age 8 years type 1 common weight loss good appetite diagnosis blood work treatment insulin monitor BG curves Fructosamine