Notes

Organizational behaviour: is the study of how people interact in the workplace and how this interaction affects the organization.

Explain the various disciplines that help make up organizational behaviour
Psychology: is the science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behaviour of humans and other animals. Psychologists study how factors such as learning, motivation, and personality affect an individual’s performance.
Sociology: is the study of people in relation to their fellow human beings. Sociologists study how people act in groups and how these actions affect communication, conflict, and intergroup behaviour.
Social psychology: blends concepts from psychology and sociology and focuses on people’s influence on one another. Social psychologists try to understand group dynamics and how they affect behavioural change and attitude change.
Anthropology: is the study of societies and offers insights into how culture, environment, and values affect people’s actions within groups. The following are some areas of anthropological study:
Comparative values
Comparative attitudes
Cross-cultural analysis

Describe the challenges of organizational behaviour
Globalization:With the ever-changing workplace and workforce, unknown factors are in continual flux. Globalization adds more unknown factors as companies do business in other countries and as more people from other countries join the workforce here, adding their cultural differences and values to the mix.
Workplace diversity:As a manager, you will be required to respond to these changes and adapt. Whether you are working in another country or working with employees from another country, you will need to match your attitude and aspirations with theirs.

Explain the models of organizational behaviour(dependent Variable)
Productivity: includes effectiveness (the achievement of goals) and efficiency (meeting goals at a low cost). Productivity factors are those that influence the effectiveness and efficiency of employees and the organization.
Absenteeism: The failure to report to work affects morale and disrupts workflow and productivity.
Turnover:Turnover is the voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization. It increases recruitment and training costs and hurts productivity.
Deviant Workplace Behaviour:This is voluntary antisocial behaviour that violates significant organizational norms and threatens the well-being of the organization and/or any of its members; it also includes disruptions, violence, and theft. Although not as intuitive, presenteeism- working while sick or overworking- is also a workplace behaviour that can hurt the well-being of an organization in the long run.

Negative and Positive Influences on Productivity
The Individual(Independent Variable): A person’s biological characteristics (such as age and race), personality, emotions, values, attitudes, and basic ability levels.
The Group(Independent Variable): How people interact and are influenced by standards of behaviour and attractions.
The Organizational System(Independent Variable): The formal culture and structure of a group.

Variables in the Organizational Behaviour Equation:
Organizational Citizenship Behaviour(dependent Variable): This is discretionary behaviour that is not part of an employee’s formal job requirements but that promotes the effective functioning of the organization. It may involve going above and beyond duties to benefit the organization or co-workers.
Job Satisfaction(dependent Variable): This is a general attitude toward one’s job or a positive feeling about one’s job after evaluating its characteristics. It does not mean an employee’s behaviour, but it is a variable that affects behaviour if employees feel valued.