Notes

Endocrine System Notes:

-The endocrine system is a network of glands and organs located throughout the body.
-It plays a vital role in controlling and regulating many of the body’s functions.
-You have glands all over your body, including in your neck, brain and reproductive organs.
-The endocrine system produces hormones that function to control and regulate many different body processes.
-Cells of the endocrine system produce signals called hormones.
-Hormones act on nearby tissues or are carried in the bloodstream to act on specific target organs.
-The endocrine system is responsible for regulating mood, growth and development, tissue function, and metabolism.
-The hormones then tell these organs and tissues what to do or how to function
- The endocrine system is made up of glands that produce and release different hormones that target specific things in the body.
- The hypothalamus is an almond-sized structure in the limbic system of the brain and is the endocrine system's control center.
- The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" because it controls several other hormone-releasing glands including
-The ADH(antiduretic hormone) which its target organ is kidneys and controls water content in blood.
-The TSH(thyroid stimulating hormone) which its target organ is thyroid gland and stimulates the thyroid gland.
- The thyroid gland produces thyroxine that regulate metabolism.
- The adrenal glands produce adrenaline(the fight or flight hormone) it increases breathing rate and heart rate.
- The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon, which help regulate blood sugar levels and its target organ is the liver.(study how it regulates the blood sugar levels)
-insulin decreases blood sugar levels when too high.
-glucagon increases blood sugar levels when too low.
- The ovaries produce oestrogen, which regulate female reproductive functions.
- The testes produce testosterone, which regulates male reproductive functions.
-Negative feedback is a mechanism that helps regulate hormone levels in the body. It works by reducing the production of hormones when their levels become too high. This helps maintain homeostasis, which is the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment in simpler terms, negative feedback is like a thermostat in your home. When the temperature gets too high, the air conditioning turns on to cool things down. When the temperature gets too low, the heat turns on to warm things up.
-Homeostasis is the body’s ability to keep things stable and balanced. It does this by regulating various processes such as temperature, blood sugar levels, and pH levels.

-NOTICE: CONTROL OF BLOOD GLUCOSE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES(AND BMI) ARE NOT INCLUDED IN THE NOTES.