Notes

Part 1:
Bussing played a significant role in the marginalization and oppression of the African American community in Portland, Oregon, as it directly contributed to the disintegration of the Albina district. Historically, Albina had been a vibrant and predominantly African American neighborhood, fostering a strong sense of community and cultural identity. However, with the implementation of bussing policies in the 1970s, the social fabric of Albina was torn apart. The redistribution of students across different schools outside the neighborhood disrupted the educational continuity and close-knit relationships that had been established, leaving behind a fragmented community struggling to maintain its cohesion.

Part 2:
The disintegration of the Albina district due to bussing had severe consequences for the African American community, exacerbating their marginalization and oppression. The scattering of students from Albina to other schools often meant increased travel times and decreased access to resources and opportunities. Families faced logistical challenges in transporting their children to distant schools, and the strain of commuting further strained already limited economic resources. As a result, educational attainment and academic performance suffered, perpetuating systemic disadvantages and reinforcing the cycle of marginalization.

In addition, the dismantling of Albina as a concentrated African American community had broader implications. The loss of a central neighborhood for the African American population diluted political representation and weakened collective advocacy efforts. It became increasingly difficult for the community to voice its concerns and demand redress for systemic injustices, further perpetuating their oppression.

Overall, bussing's impact on the Albina district played a significant role in the marginalization and oppression of the African American community in Portland. By disrupting community cohesion, exacerbating economic disadvantages, and weakening political representation, bussing tore apart the social fabric of Albina and perpetuated systemic inequalities.