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五脏克贼之邪所表现的脉象:春天见到秋天的毛脉,是金克木;夏天见到冬天的石脉,是水克火;长夏见到春天的弦脉,是木克土;秋天见到夏天的洪脉,是火克金;冬天见到长夏的濡缓脉,是土克水。这就是所谓的五邪脉。其预后相同,都属于不治的死证。
五种过度的疲劳可以伤耗五脏的精气:如久视则劳于精气而伤血,久卧则阳气不伸而伤气,久坐则血脉灌输不畅而伤肉,久立则劳于肾及腰、膝、胫等而伤骨,久行则劳于筋脉而伤筋。这就是五劳所伤。
五脏应四时的脉象:肝脏应春,端直而长,其脉象弦;心脉应夏,来盛去衰,其脉象钩;脾旺于长夏,其脉弱,随长夏而更代;肺脉应秋,轻虚而浮,其脉象毛;肾脉应冬,其脉沉坚象石。这就是所谓的应于四时的五脏平脉。
출장 (血气形志篇第二十四)
人身各经气血多少,是有一定常数的。如太阳经常多血少气,少阳经常少血多气,阳明经常多气多血,少阴经常少血多气,厥阴经常多血少气,太阴经常多气少血,这是先天禀赋之常数。
足太阳膀胱经与足少阴肾经为表里,足少阳胆经与足厥阴肝经为表里,足阳明胃经与足太阴脾经为表里。这是足三阳经和足三阴经之间的表里配合关系。手太阳小肠经和手太阴心经为表里,手三阳三焦经与手厥阴心包经为表里,手阳明大肠经与手太阴肺经为表里,这是手三阳经和手三阴经之间的表里配合关系。现以知道,疾病发生在手足阴阳使二经脉的那一经,其治疗方法,血脉雍盛的,必须先刺出其血,以减轻其病苦;再诊察其所欲,根据病情的虚实,然后泻其有余之实邪,补其不足之虚。
要想知道背部五脏俞穴的位置,先用草一根,度量两乳之间的距离,再从正中对折,另一草与前草同样长度,折掉一半之后,拿来支撑第一根草的两头,就成了一个三角形,然后用它量病人的背部,使其一个角朝上,和脊背部大椎穴相平,另外两个角在下,其下边左右两个角所指部位,就是肺俞穴所在。再把上角移下一度,方在两肺俞连线的中点,则其下左右两角的位置是心俞的部位。再移下一度,左角是肝俞,右角是脾俞。再移下一度,左右两角是肾俞。这就是五脏俞穴的部位,为刺炙取穴的法度。
形体安逸但精神苦闷的人,病多发生在经脉,治疗时宜用针炙。形体安逸而精神也愉快的人,病多发生在肌肉,治疗时宜用针刺或砭石。形体劳苦但精神很愉快的人,病多发生在筋,治疗时宜用热熨或导引法。 출장 ,而精神又很苦恼的人,病多发生在咽喉部,治疗时宜用药物。屡受惊恐的人,经络因气机紊乱而不通畅,病多为麻木不仁,治疗时宜用按摩和药酒。 출장 。
刺阳明经,可以出血出气;刺太阳经,可以出血,而不宜伤气;刺少阳经,只宜出气,不宜出血;刺太阳经,只宜出气,不宜出血;刺少阴经,只宜出气,不宜出血;刺厥阴经,只宜出血,不宜伤气。
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