Notes

Wood pellets industry and market in Canada
Wood pellets industry and market in Canada
Drives of biomass energy growth
Biomass market experts explain 3 drives in Canada: ecological pressure, management objectives of sustainnable forestry, and also cost advantages.

Biomass gas are carbon neutral. Plants absorb carbon dioxide in its growth as well as produce the very same amount of CO2 in burning, so they does not include extra greenhouse gases to the environment. Besides, biomass energy can lower making use of coal, gas as well as oil, which is the souce of greenhouse gases.

Lasting forestry is a common goal of all public lands in Canada. It takes into consideration woodland health, wild animals habitat and also biodiversity in the expedition of forestry resources. From economic prospect, sustainable forestry monitoring intends to use all products in the most efficient means, consisting of wood wast. Nonetheless, it is not wise to turn all forestry waste right into biomass energy. In some cases it is practical to leave some wood waste in the forestry to protect wild animals habitats and promote dirt nutrients regeneration.

When the price of traditional fuels go down, biomass power will shed benefits. The price competition makes the suppliers create a lot more efficient means to refine biomass power, especially to decrease the cost of raw mateirals transport. By controling the manufacturing cost, biofuels are affordable with conventional fuels. As an example, if the rate of a barrel of oil is higher than $17, biomass power is more cost-effective.

Renewable resource motivation plan
The production and usage of wood pellets in Canada is driven by international demand and also residential policy. Canadian Federal federal government has drawn a plan to stop making use of coals by 2030, as well as enhance the ratio of renewable energy in power generation to 90%.

Presently, coal power contributes 10% of the total greenhouse gas exhaust in Canada. Coal plants are generally located in Alberta( 10 ), Saskatchewan( 2 ), New Brunswick( 1 ), and also Nova Scotia. According to the policy, New Brunswick and Alberta proclaim to slowly remove coals by 2030, as well as transform numerous coal-fired nuclear power plant right into co-fired or biomass power plant.

In domestic heating market, the firewood stove substitute project in Nova scotia, Quebec, brand-new Brunswick, British Columbia, and also Ontario will enhance the domestic wood pellet market. （ HPBAC ， 2016 ）.

Wood pellet production in Canada.
In 2010, Canada can generate 2 million lots of wood pellets each year. The wood pellet factories can generate 1.3 Mt, accounting for 65% of the domestic total production, and export 1.2 Mt of them. In 2011, the manufacturing reach up to 1.5 Mt, with 1.3 Mt for export.In 2012, the manufacturing capacity has risen 3Mt. Kind 2015-2016, the wood pellet production boosts by 1Mt each year. In 2016, Canada has 42 pellet manufacturing facility, with the manufacturing capacity over 4Mt, and also brand-new pellet manufacturing facilities are in construction.

British Columbia creates over 150,000 wood pellets yearly, making up 60% of the total production in Canada. The following are Ontario and Quebec. diesel pellet mill manufacturing facilities in Ontario primarily offer residential market, while the wood pellet factories in British Columbia serve abroad massive warmth nuclear power plant. Various other provinces have numerous small pellet manufacturing facilities generally offering local market, with the complete production capability around 50,000 bunches.

Biomass materials in Canada.
In Canada, the biomass resources spread in those provinces with reactive pulp, paper and forestry sector, including Ontario, Alberta, Quebec, and New Brunswick. Biomass materials such as barks, sawdust, wood chips, braches are used to make wood pellets, biogas, cellulosic ethanol, biodiesel, and bio-oil.

In the past, several paper mills has a specific room to produce hog fuel, the combined barks and also wood wastes used to create heat as well as power. With a growing number of paper mills merge with saw mills in the 1990s, the wood wastes are transferred to the saw mills. In the last one decade, with several saw mills fold, the resource of wood waste decrease dramatically, so forestry end up being a major source to acquire biomass materials.

Forestry biomass materials can be obtained in various kinds. It is preferred to collect branches, branches, needles, barks, and so on, which is executed along with logging, however the transportation expense is high. Besides, biomass comes from silvicultural thinning, right of way cleaning, sphagnum peat, or the residues after fire, condition and bug parasites.

Tamarack and larch become preferred in biomass industry. They are not for making woodworks or papers, however ideal for biomass fuel production owing to high development rate. They are going to be an economical remedy to produce lasting power.


Wood pellets Export market.

The wood pellets in Canada are mostly exported to Europe (including England as well as Belgium) and Asia (consisting of Japan and also Korean) and also domestic home heating market in America.Canadian Statistical Bureau reported the export statics of the last 4 years.

Thanks to place advantages, British Columbia has actually come to be the one of the very first wood pellet suppliers for Korean and Japan Market. In the past years, Canada's wood pellets export has actually taken up 2/3 of Japan's wood pellet import. (Strauss 2016).

In 2016, Canada's wood pellet export boosts by 46% and also reach up to 2.37 Mt. pellet press added the largest development price of 240%, and also England has the largest growth quantity of 458,217 lot.( WPAC ， 2017).

In the future, a lot of wood pellets in Canada will certainly continue offering oversea market. Canadian wood pellet suppliers have to depend on Europe and also Asia market. In Asia, Korea is mosting likely to be a growing market, with numerous independent power producers and also industries taking on wood pellets. Japan is likely to have the fastest growth, with increasingly more coal-fired power plant to be transformed. Japanese market is expected to grow by 10-12Mt annually.

Wood pellets residential usage.
Canada's residential wood pellet intake is 300,000 tons annually, generally for residential heating cooktop as well as the biomass power plants.

The domestic residential home heating market will certainly remain steady, or enlarge with the expanding price of home heating oil. The co-firing power plant will certainly boost domestic market. Yet wood pellet has to compete with various other renewable resource such as solar and also wind. Besides, wood pellets are recognized as expensive, whose benefits such as consistent size, storability, as well as fluidness have not obtain due attention.

Biomass power generation in Canada.
Canada National Power Board lately released a record on the application of renewable energy. floating fish feed pellet mill pointes out Canada embraces greater portion of renewable energy in power generation compared with various other developed nations.

As the record shows, Canada has 70 biomass nuclear power plant in 2014, with the total gross capability of 2408MW. The biomass includes wood, wood by-products, and also landfill gas. In general, biomass takes up 1.9% of the complete power generation in Canada. In 2015, the biomass power generation depends on 12,161 GWh, which has actually matured by 54% because 2005.

Atikokan is the biggest 100% biomass fuel power plant, possessed by Ontario Power Generation. This power plant is transformed from coal-fired nuclear power plant into biomass nuclear power plant with 170 million Canadian Dollars in 2012. Because 2014, Atikokan has carried out the peak need for power. It needs 1000 lots of wood pellets yearly, taking up 30% of the domestic productivity.

Sandbey, another power plant in Ontario, is likewise exchanged wood pellet fired. Presently, it takes in about 8000 lots of carbonized wood pellets from Norway.

Wood pellet cost.
The list prices for bulk export in abroad market is in between 150 and 180 Canadian dollars. The pellets targeting at America's household heating market are offered in bags, which has higher price of 210-280 Canadian dollars( Canada Data). The zone cost of bagged wood pellets (40 extra pound) is $5.24, equating to $262/ton, and $15.41/ GJ.

According a job in British Columbia, the price of home heating wood pellets (including procedure and power) is $15.9/ GJ, dimethylmethane is $24.36/ GJ (including delivery, carbon tax and electrical fans), electrical power is $29.47/ GJ, as well as home heating oil is $33.93/ GJ.( Murray, 2015).

Wood pellets logistics.
Canada's wood pellets are exported out of British Columbia via the Vancouver port as well as Royal prince Rupert port. Inland, the rails link the wood pellet manufacturing facilities and also ports, and vehicles transportation forestry products to the wood pellet factory.

The new profession roadway from eastern Canada to Europe, and the wood pellet factories in the eastern provinces like Ontario, Quebec as well as New Brunswick embraces barges for transportation.


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