Notes

India, as one of the world's most populous nations and a major emerging economy, has expressed its views on UN reform over the years. Here are some proposed reforms from the perspective of India:

1. **Security Council Expansion**:
- *Rationale*: India advocates for a reformed and expanded Security Council to reflect contemporary geopolitical realities.
- *Proposed Change*: India seeks a permanent seat on the Security Council. The G4 nations (India, Brazil, Germany, and Japan) have mutually supported each other's bids for permanent seats.

2. **Democratic and Equitable Decision Making**:
- *Rationale*: Decision-making, especially in the Security Council, is often dominated by the P5 nations.
- *Proposed Change*: India advocates for a more democratic process, reducing the dominance of the P5 and their veto powers, ensuring a more equitable voice for all nations.

3. **Enhanced Role in Peacekeeping**:
- *Rationale*: India has been one of the largest contributors to UN peacekeeping missions.
- *Proposed Change*: India seeks a greater role in decision-making related to peacekeeping operations, reflecting its substantial contributions on the ground.

4. **Reforms in Economic and Social Bodies**:
- *Rationale*: India believes that the economic and social bodies of the UN need to be more responsive to the needs of developing countries.
- *Proposed Change*: A more inclusive decision-making process in bodies like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, which would reflect the growing economies of the Global South.

5. **Enhanced Focus on Terrorism**:
- *Rationale*: India has been a victim of cross-border terrorism and emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to counter-terrorism.
- *Proposed Change*: India has called for early adoption of the Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism (CCIT) and greater cooperation among member states in sharing intelligence and best practices.

6. **Reform of the UN Secretariat**:
- *Rationale*: To make the Secretariat more transparent, efficient, and accountable.
- *Proposed Change*: India supports measures that would make the Secretariat's operations more streamlined, responsive, and reflective of member states' aspirations.

7. **Promotion of Sustainable Development**:
- *Rationale*: India underscores the importance of sustainable development and the unique challenges faced by developing countries.
- *Proposed Change*: India advocates for the UN to play a pivotal role in technology transfer, capacity building, and financial support to developing nations, ensuring that no one is left behind in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

8. **Greater Involvement in Regional Forums**:
- *Rationale*: Regional organizations understand local issues better.
- *Proposed Change*: India emphasizes the role of regional forums like SAARC and believes the UN should collaborate more closely with such organizations for regional stability and development.

9. **Reform in the Election Process for Key Posts**:
- *Rationale*: The election process for significant roles in the UN often lacks transparency.
- *Proposed Change*: India supports a more open and inclusive election process for crucial posts, such as the UN Secretary-General.

10. **Human Rights Council Reforms**:
- *Rationale*: India believes in the promotion of genuine human rights while preserving the dignity and sovereignty of nations.
- *Proposed Change*: India seeks reforms in the Human Rights Council to ensure it doesn't become a platform for political vendettas and is genuinely focused on human rights issues.

India's stance on UN reforms emanates from its experiences, challenges, and aspirations as a developing country and a significant player in global affairs. The nation believes that a reformed UN would be more representative, efficient, and effective in addressing global challenges.