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衰老的学说总的可分为两大类，一类是中医学的延年学说， 如先天禀赋论，后天失调论以及“肾气亏损说”、“脾胃虚衰说”、 “心神亏耗说”、“脏睛虚衰说”、“阴阳失调说”等；另一类是近
代的各种衰老学说，可归纳为三个方面。
第一，遗传沦。认为袁老过程是由遗传所决定的，生物的生 长、发育、成熟、衰老和死亡，都是由自身的遗传程序展开的必 然结果。如生物钟学说(又叫程序学说)，细胞分裂学说等。第二， 环境论。其主要观点认为，遗传虽有一定作用，但主要是强调环 境因素的影响，认为环境中的不良因素，如污染、药物、疾病、
辐射等，会造成细胞的损伤，而损伤的积累导致衰老，如“中毒
学说“、”交联学说“、”自由基学说“、”免疫学说“、”体细胞突变 学说“等等。第三，综合论。它综合了各种衰老学说的有关内容， 从代谢失调或细胞信息受损等角度出发而形成的衰老学说，如”内 分泌功能减退学说“、”中枢神经系统衰退学说“、”差错灾难学说“、 ”衰老色素学说“等等。这些学说虽然都无定论，但从不同角度 和深度反映了衰老这一复杂的生命现象的某一侧面或层次的部分 真理。 제주출장마사지 。衰老得早，就会短寿:衰 老得晚，就有长寿的可能。故有的科学家从预防衰老的角度出发， 提出防衰方法分为”初次预防“和”二次预防“两种。所谓初次 预防就是中医的”未病先防“，防患于未然:所谓二次预防，即中 医的”既病防变“，如果机体发生了某些生理和病理变化，或者出
现了一些衰老退化的现象后，要及时采取防护措施，防其进一步
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