Notes

, Fondation Santé, European Union's Horizon 2020 / Lassa fever is a rodent-borne disease that threatens human health in the sub-region of West Africa where the zoonotic host of Lassa virus is predominant
Currently, treatment options for LF are limited and since no preventive vaccine is approved for its infectivity, there is a high mortality rate in endemic areas. This narrative review explores the transmission, pathogenicity of LASV, advances, and challenges of different treatment options. Our findings indicate that genetic diversity among the different strains of LASV and their ability to circumvent the immune system poses a critical challenge to the development of LASV vaccines/therapeutics. Thus, understanding the biochemistry, physiology and genetic polymorphism of LASV, mechanism of evading host immunity are essential for development of effective LASV vaccines/therapeutics to combat this lethal viral disease. The LASV nucleoprotein is a novel target for therapeutics as it functions significantly in several aspects of the viral life cycle. Consequently, LASV NP inhibitors could be employed as effective therapeutics as they will potentially inhibit LASV replication.

Effective preventive control measures, vaccine development, target validation, and repurposing of existing drugs, such as ribavirin, using activity or in silico-based and computational bioinformatics, would aid in the development of novel drugs for LF management. Johannesburg 2050, South Africa. Johannesburg 2050, South Africa. Johannesburg 2050, South Africa. Johannesburg 2050, South Africa. The greatest HIV-1 genetic diversity is found in West/Central Africa due to the pandemic’s origins in this region, but this diversity remains understudied. We characterized HIV-1 subtype diversity , drug resistance and coreceptor usage in 103 predominantly antiretroviral-naive individuals living with HIV-1 in Ghana.

Full-genome HIV-1 subtyping confirmed the circulating recombinant form CRF02_AG as the dominant subtype in the region, with the complex recombinant 06_cpx present as well. Unique recombinants, most of which were mosaics containing CRF02_AG and/or 06_cpx, made up of sequences, while “pure” subtypes were rare . Pretreatment resistance to at least one drug class was observed in of the cohort, with NNRTI resistance being the most common and INSTI resistance being relatively rare . CXCR4-using HIV-1 sequences were identified in of participants. Polysucrose 400 Food additive , our findings advance our understanding of HIV-1 molecular epidemiology in Ghana. Extensive HIV-1 genetic diversity in the region appears to be fueling the ongoing creation of novel recombinants, the majority CRF02_AG-containing, in the region. The relatively high prevalence of pretreatment NNRTI resistance but low prevalence of INSTI resistance supports the use of INSTI-based first-line regimens in Ghana.

design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in Following the cause established twenty-two years ago, the 22nd Annual Rocky Mountain Virology Association meeting was held amidst the resplendent Rocky Mountains within the Arapahoe and Roosevelt National Forests. 116 intellectuals including both regional and international scientists as well as trainees gathered Current trends in virology and prion disease research were discussed both in talks and poster presentations. This year's keynote address emphasized innate immune modulation by arboviruses while other invited speakers shared updates on noroviruses, retroviruses, coronaviruses and prion diversity. Additionally, Polysaccharides for and importance of better approaches for sharing science with non-science communities via science communication was discussed. Trainees and junior investigators presented 19 talks and 31 posters. This report encapsulates selected studies presented at the 22nd Rocky Mountain National Virology Association meeting held on 30 September-2 October Background: Molecular epidemiological approaches provide opportunities to characterize HIV transmission dynamics. We analyzed HIV sequences and virus load results obtained during routine clinical care, and individual’s zip-code location to determine utility of this approach.

Methods: HIV-1 pol sequences aligned using ClustalW were subtyped using REGA. A maximum likelihood tree was generated using IQTree. Transmission clusters with ≤ genetic distance and ≥ bootstrap support were identified using ClusterPicker. We conducted Bayesian analysis using BEAST to confirm transmission clusters. The proportion of nucleotides with ambiguity ≤ was considered indicative of early infection. Descriptive statistics were applied to characterize clusters and group comparisons were performed using chi-square or t-test. Results: Among 2775 adults with data from 2014−2015, 2589 had subtype B HIV-1, mean age was 44 years , were male, and had nucleotide ambiguity ≤ There were 456 individuals in 193 clusters: 149 dyads, 32 triads, and 12 groups with ≥ four individuals per cluster.

More commonly in clusters were males than females, 349 vs. 107 , p < 0001; younger individuals, 3 years vs. 7 , p < 0001; and those with early HIV-1 infection by nucleotide ambiguity, 202/456 vs. 442/2133 , p < Members of 43/193 of clusters included individuals in different jurisdictions. Clusters ≥ four individuals were similarly found using BEAST.
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