Notes

An in-text citation is the author’s name and date of publication; this information is coordinated with the References list at the end of the paper. Because the list is alphabetized by author, a reader can easily find the complete information for any source cited in the paper.
If there is no specific author, the source is listed by the responsible body who published it (professional organization, government agency, etc.)
Every sentence which uses information from sources needs a citation—every sentence! In other words, readers should always know the source of information as they read. Even if the whole paragraph has information from the same source, you need more than just a single citation at its end. Citations are expected in the first sentence where information is used, in subsequent sentences, and at the last place where the source is used. Clearly, this can get repetitive, so a writer needs to add variety where possible.
If you have not done a Working Bibliography, it is impossible to put citations in your paper correctly because you do not know how you will be indicating your sources’ authors. You must have your references listed in ISO 690 first to cite them properly as you write. If you don’t have your References done correctly, go back and do this step before you proceed!
In-text citations can be done in two ways,
a) in the words of the sentence itself using signal phrases and reporting verbs, or
b) in parentheses at the end, before the period.

1. Basic in-text citation of sources with one author—look at these example sentences:
a) Howard (2015) found that it is necessary to create connections between the digital life of students and learning.
b) It is necessary to create connections between the digital life of students and learning (Howard 2015).
2. Sources with two authors use and between the names in the citation.
a) According to Frankl and Bitter (2016), the flexibility of time and space, and fostering cooperation and collaboration can be listed among the benefits of e-learning.
b) Flexibility of time and space, and fostering cooperation and collaboration can be listed among the benefits of
e-learning (Frankl and Bitter 2016).
3. If there are three and more authors, use “et al.” (et alii = “and others” in Latin)
a) Badri et al. (2016) maintain that teachers who create online resources shouldenhance their positive perception.
b) Teachers who create online resources should enhance their positive perception (Badri et al. 2016).
Note: ISO 690 allows three types of in-text citations
1. Footnote citation
2. Numbered citation
3. The first data and year citation
However, the third one is often recommended by other authors (Skalka, 2009), mainly because all the most important information (primary responsibility and the date of publishing) is available in the text.