Notes

Wood pellets market and also market in Canada<br>
Drives of biomass energy advancement

Biomass industry experts explain 3 drives in Canada: environmental pressure, management goals of sustainnable forestry, as well as price benefits.



Biomass fuels are carbon neutral. Plants soak up CO2 in its development and also emit the exact same amount of carbon dioxide in burning, so they doesn't add added greenhouse gases to the environment. Besides, biomass energy can reduce using coal, gas and oil, which is the souce of greenhouse gases.



Sustainable forestry is an usual goal of all public lands in Canada. It takes into consideration forest health, wild animals habitat and also biodiversity in the expedition of forestry resources. From financial prospect, lasting forestry administration aims to make use of all products in the most effective method, including wood wast. Nevertheless, it is not a good idea to turn all forestry waste into biomass power. Often it is helpful to leave some wood waste in the forestry to protect wildlife habitats as well as advertise dirt nutrients regeneration.



When the price of conventional fuels decrease, biomass power will shed benefits. The rate competition makes the producers establish much more reliable methods to process biomass power, particularly to reduce the cost of raw mateirals transport. By controling the manufacturing price, biofuels are competitive with traditional gas. For instance, if the cost of a barrel of oil is higher than $17, biomass power is extra cost-effective.



Renewable energy incentive plan

The manufacturing as well as intake of wood pellets in Canada is driven by worldwide demand as well as domestic policy. Canadian Federal federal government has actually drawn a strategy to stop utilizing coals by 2030, as well as enhance the proportion of renewable energy in power generation to 90%.



Currently, coal power adds 10% of the overall greenhouse gas emission in Canada. Coal plants are generally situated in Alberta( 10 ), Saskatchewan( 2 ), New Brunswick( 1 ), as well as Nova Scotia. According to the plan, New Brunswick and Alberta state to progressively remove coals by 2030, as well as convert a number of coal-fired power plant into co-fired or biomass nuclear power plant.



In property heating market, the fire wood oven replacement project in Nova scotia, Quebec, brand-new Brunswick, British Columbia, and also Ontario will certainly boost the residential wood pellet market. （ HPBAC ， 2016 ）.



Wood pellet manufacturing in Canada.

In 2010, Canada can create 2 million tons of wood pellets yearly. The wood pellet factories can produce 1.3 Mt, making up 65% of the domestic overall manufacturing, and also export 1.2 Mt of them. In 2011, the manufacturing reach up to 1.5 Mt, with 1.3 Mt for export.In 2012, the production capability has risen 3Mt. Kind 2015-2016, the wood pellet production increases by 1Mt per year. In 2016, Canada has 42 pellet manufacturing facility, with the manufacturing capacity over 4Mt, as well as brand-new pellet factories remain in building.



British Columbia creates over 150,000 wood pellets every year, accounting for 60% of the complete production in Canada. The following are Ontario and also Quebec. The wood pellet factories in Ontario generally offer residential market, while the wood pellet manufacturing facilities in British Columbia serve overseas massive heat nuclear power plant. Various other districts have many little pellet manufacturing facilities mainly serving regional market, with the complete production capability around 50,000 bunches.



Biomass materials in Canada.

In Canada, the biomass resources spread in those provinces with responsive pulp, paper and forestry industry, including Ontario, Alberta, Quebec, as well as New Brunswick. Biomass products such as barks, sawdust, wood chips, braches are made use of to make wood pellets, biogas, cellulosic ethanol, biodiesel, as well as bio-oil.



In the past, several paper mills has a specific room to generate hog gas, the mixed barks and wood wastes utilized to generate warmth and power. With more and more paper mills combine with saw mills in the 1990s, the wood wastes are transported to the saw mills. In the last 10 years, with several saw mills fold, the resource of wood waste decrease greatly, so forestry become a significant resource to get biomass materials.




Forestry biomass products can be acquired in different kinds. It is prominent to accumulate twigs, branches, needles, barks, etc, which is performed along with logging, however the transport price is high. Besides, biomass comes from silvicultural thinning, right-of-way cleaning, sphagnum peat, or the deposits after fire, condition as well as insect bugs.



Tamarack and also larch ended up being preferred in biomass industry. mini pellet machine are not for making woodworks or documents, but ideal for biomass gas manufacturing owing to high development rate. They are going to be an economical solution to produce sustainable power.



Wood pellets Export market.

The wood pellets in Canada are mostly exported to Europe (consisting of England and Belgium) as well as Asia (consisting of Japan and Korean) as well as residential heating market in America.Canadian Statistical Bureau reported the export statics of the last 4 years.



Thanks to place benefits, British Columbia has actually become the among the initial wood pellet providers for Oriental as well as Japan Market. In the past years, Canada's wood pellets export has used up 2/3 of Japan's wood pellet import. (Strauss 2016).



In 2016, Canada's wood pellet export increases by 46% and rise to 2.37 Mt. Japan added the biggest development price of 240%, and England has the biggest growth quantity of 458,217 heap.( WPAC ， 2017).



In the future, most wood pellets in Canada will certainly go on serving oversea market. Canadian wood pellet makers need to depend on Europe and Asia market. In Asia, Korea is mosting likely to be a thriving market, with many independent power producers and markets embracing wood pellets. Japan is likely to have the fastest development, with a growing number of coal-fired power plant to be transformed. Japanese market is expected to expand by 10-12Mt every year.



Wood pellets residential intake.

Canada's domestic wood pellet intake is 300,000 heaps every year, generally for household home heating cooktop and also the biomass nuclear power plant.



The domestic property home heating market will stay stable, or expand with the growing cost of heating oil. straw pellet machine -firing power plant will increase residential market. Yet wood pellet has to take on other renewable energy such as solar as well as wind. Besides, wood pellets are acknowledged as costly, whose benefits such as consistent size, storability, as well as fluidness haven't obtain due attention.



Biomass power generation in Canada.

Canada National Power Board recently published a report on the application of renewable energy. It pointes out Canada adopts higher portion of renewable energy in power generation compared to other industrialized countries.



As the record reveals, Canada has 70 biomass nuclear power plant in 2014, with the overall gross capacity of 2408MW. The biomass consists of wood, wood byproducts, and also land fill gas. In general, biomass occupies 1.9% of the total power generation in Canada. In 2015, the biomass power generation depends on 12,161 GWh, which has matured by 54% given that 2005.



Atikokan is the biggest 100% biomass fuel nuclear power plant, owned by Ontario Power Generation. This power plant is transformed from coal-fired nuclear power plant into biomass power plant with 170 million Canadian Dollars in 2012. Because 2014, Atikokan has taken on the peak demand for electrical power. It needs 1000 lots of wood pellets each year, taking up 30% of the domestic performance.



Sandbey, one more power plant in Ontario, is also exchanged wood pellet terminated. Currently, it takes in regarding 8000 lots of carbonized wood pellets from Norway.



Wood pellet rate.

The list prices for bulk export in abroad market is in between 150 as well as 180 Canadian bucks. The pellets targeting at America's household home heating market are offered in bags, which has higher rate of 210-280 Canadian bucks( Canada Data). The zone rate of bagged wood pellets (40 pound) is $5.24, amounting to $262/ton, and also $15.41/ GJ.



According a task in British Columbia, the rate of heating wood pellets (including procedure and also electrical power) is $15.9/ GJ, dimethylmethane is $24.36/ GJ (consisting of distribution, carbon tax as well as electrical followers), electrical power is $29.47/ GJ, as well as heating oil is $33.93/ GJ.( Murray, 2015).



Wood pellets logistics.

Canada's wood pellets are exported out of British Columbia with the Vancouver port and Prince Rupert port. Inland, the rails connect the wood pellet manufacturing facilities and also ports, and also vehicles transport forestry materials to the wood pellet factory.



The brand-new profession roadway from eastern Canada to Europe, as well as the wood pellet manufacturing facilities in the eastern provinces like Ontario, Quebec as well as New Brunswick takes on barges for transportation.

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