Notes

irreversible cell injery
1-apoptosis dropping-off programmed cell death to remove disesd and unessary tittues in postmotern and during life too, stimulated by radiation , toxines, withdrwal of rmoen or stimulus cotroed by hobc12 family of proteins , excution phase by caspanes prtein family ex prletic enzymes , they are responiblw with morphical changes , phagocytosis with macrophages to appotic debris n cells / morpholical changes 1-shirnkage of cells with normal stucral organleels 2-formation of membrane blebs to form app bodies with comcat organells 3- condesation of chromation on periphry of nucules 4- phagocytosis of app boes by macro 5- no acute inmfall reaction no chemical mediators/ physiolgial :normal turnover of cell , involtion of orans by hormones like in supprtion of lacatin breast endometial shedding , thymus invlotion in early sage , embryoical develpment-- pathologiacal :cell death in maliganat tumers, in tumors exposed to chemoth agents, viral infection like hepatitis , by t-cytotxic cells in immune respones , injuerous agents that lead to necrosis.
2-autolysis: self-degtion of cells by its own by hydrolytic enzymes liberated from lysomes , during life with acute infalmtion , post mortal without inflametion , sites mostly in sites with high hyrlodric enzymes ex pancrese n gastic musosa intermidate in liver kidny heart slow in adiopes tissue.
3-necrosis: facal death of group of cells by hydrolytic enzymes librated from cells acommnied by inflation caoues by varios agents hypoxia chemical n physical agents , pathogensis cell degsion by lyticenzymes , protein denaturation/ morpholical ch pyknosis small dark nuclus karyorrhexsis nuclear fragmaention karyolysis faint dissolved nuclus /types of necrosis:
1-coagulative : most common type , all tissue ex brain bcz of ischemia more than bactrial or chmeial agents grossly at firm cells are swalloned firm pale fom protein denatuation then become shrunken due to lysis . hallmark of necrosis is that outline od cells are maintaned but sturctures are lost cells are sawallend with highly acidophilic than normal
2-liqufactive : due to isvheam n bactrial n fungal agents in brain n abcess cavity due to degration with ltic enzymes more then prtein danaturations gros area is liqufied center with necrotic depris develop cystic wall , microspoci sapce contain necrotic debris with marcophages cyat wall with capillris infal cells ghosts of glial cells or fibroblast cells
3-fat : enzymeatic like in acute hemorragic pancratits as librted lipase enzymes of infla pancrease lead to necrosis of pancres or traumal in breat ashydrolsis of fat in adipose tissue into glycrol or ffa that combie with ca froming ca soaps gross yellow-whitish and firm micro swallownwith chronic infal with ca soaps granular basophilic matrials
4-fibroinoid : sys lupus rh fever htn peptic ulcer deption of finbrin like in wall or in sufrace esnophilci hyalonie like matrial