Notes

Recent engagement by international regulators on maximising the use of real-world evidence (RWE) has highlighted the scope for improving the exploitation of the treasure-trove of health data that is currently largely neglected in many countries
vitamin K2 for Personalised Medicine (EAPM) led an international study aimed at identifying the current status of conditions. METHODS: A literature review examined how far such frameworks exist, with a view to identifying conducive factors - and crucial gaps. This extensive review of key factors across 22 countries and 5 regions revealed a wide variety of attitudes, approaches, provisions and conditions, and permitted the construction of a comprehensive overview of the current status of PM. Based on seven key pillars identified from the literature review and expert panels, the data was quantified, and on the basis of further analysis, an index was developed to allow comparison country by country and region by region. RESULTS: The results show that United States of America is leading according to overall outcome whereas Kenya scored the least in the overall outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Still, common approaches exist that could help accelerate take-up of opportunities even in the less prosperous parts of the world.

Technology and Sciences Prayagraj, India. Developmental Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute Building Capacities for Better Health in AFRICA, Yaounde, Cameroun. Investigação em Saúde (National Institute for Health Research), Luanda, Angola. Technology and Sciences Prayagraj, India. Development, and Innovation for the Pharma and Biotech Industries (LANSEIDI) of Feeding farm animals with aflatoxin-contaminated feed can cause various severe toxic effects, leading to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and capability. Following ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs, aflatoxins are metabolized and biotransformed differently in animals. Swine metabolism is not effective in detoxifying and excreting aflatoxins, meaning the risk of aflatoxicosis is increased.

Thus, it is of great importance to elucidate the metabolism and all metabolic pathways associated with this mycotoxin. The damage induced by AFB1 in cells and tissues consists of inhibition of cell proliferation, carcinogenicity, immunosuppression, mutagenicity, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, leading to pathological lesions in the liver, spleen, lymph node, kidney, uterus, heart, and lungs of swine. At present, it is a challenging task and of serious concern to completely remove aflatoxins and their metabolites from feedstuff; thus, the aim of this study was a literature review on the deleterious effects of aflatoxins on swine metabolism, as well as alternatives that contribute to the detoxification or amelioration of aflatoxin-induced effects in farm animal feed. from Two Adjacent Areas of Northeast Myanmar and Molecular Markers for Drug The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) is the epicenter of antimalarial drug resistance. We determined in vitro susceptibilities to 11 drugs of culture-adapted Plasmodium falciparum isolates from adjacent areas (Laiza and resistant to chloroquine and pyrimethamine but relatively sensitive to other antimalarial drugs. Consistently, the Dd2-like pfcrt mutations were fixed or almost fixed in both parasite populations, and new mutations mediating piperaquine resistance were not identified. Similarly, several mutations related to pfdhfr and pfdhps were also highly prevalent.

Despite their geographical proximity, malaria parasites from Laiza showed significantly higher in vitro resistance to artemisinin derivatives, naphthoquine, pyronaridine, lumefantrine, and pyrimethamine than parasites from Muse. Likewise, the pfdhfr N51I, pfdhps A581G, pfmrp1 H785N, and pfk13 F446I mutations were significantly more frequent in Laiza than in Muse (p < 05). For the pfmdr1 mutations, Y184F was found only in Laiza (70%), whereas F1226Y was identified only in Muse (8%). Parasite isolates from Laiza showed a median RSA value of 0%, significantly higher than the 4% in Muse. Altogether, P. falciparum parasite populations from neighboring regions in the GMS may diverge substantially in their resistance to several antimalarial drugs. This information about different parasite populations will guide antimalarial treatment policies to effectively manage drug resistance International Science and Technology Cooperation Base/ Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a successful pathogen that has achieved global dissemination, with high prevalence rates in Southeast Asia.

A huge diversity of clones has been reported in this region, with MRSA ST239 being the most successful lineage. Nonetheless, MK7 of MRSA genotypes circulating in the Southeast Asia region has, until now, remained poorly compiled. In this review, we aim to provide a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology and distribution of MRSA clones in 11 Southeast Asian countries: Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR), Myanmar, Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei Darussalam, and Timor-Leste.
My Website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_K2