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Mesothelioma - What is Mesothelioma?

There are many conditions that can cause chest pain or shortness of breath. To diagnose mesothelioma, is crucial to rule out other ailments.

Doctors conduct this by taking samples of fluid around the lung or stomach. They can also perform tests like a CT, MRI or a PET scan.

Causes

Mesothelioma occurs in the tissues lining the chest (pleural esothelioma), the abdomen (peritoneal esothelioma) or the heart (peritoneal esothelioma). Exposure to asbestos, a chemical that was widely used in shipbuilding, construction and other industries, is the most common cause of mesothelioma. Exposure to mesothelioma-causing asbestos usually happens through the inhalation of tiny fibres that can irritate and damage the tissue and result in the formation of abnormal tumors. It usually takes between 20 and 50 years for mesothelioma growth to occur after exposure to asbestos.

Asbestos is one of the minerals made up of thin, long fibres that can separate into smaller particles. They are able to easily pass through the lung, where they could be breathed in and lodged within the pleura, which are linings surrounding the lungs. These can irritate lungs over time and cause tumors that are abnormal to form. mesothelioma what causes it may also be caused by exposure to asbestos from secondhand sources for instance, when workers bring asbestos fibres home on their clothing or gear or from materials that are contaminated, such as asbestos-containing products.

The feeling of being tired, short of breath and coughing are typical symptoms for mesothelioma patients. Other symptoms include weight loss, chest pain and swelling, difficulty swallowing, and a painful rash that may look like the appearance of hives. Mesothelioma is rare with between 2,500 and 3000 cases being diagnosed every year in the United States.

The most common mesothelioma form is found in the pleura, which covers the lungs as well as the chest wall. Other types of mesothelioma can be found in the peritoneum which is a liner for the stomach and intestines, or in the membrane surrounding the testicles (testicular mesothelioma).

A specialist in mesothelioma could suggest tests like xrays, CT scans, or MRI to determine the presence of disease. A mesothelioma expert, a specialist in thoracic surgery, or a medical oncologist could perform chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation therapy. In certain instances there is a palliative option to alleviate discomfort and other symptoms. GPs can also help with the diagnosis of mesothelioma by looking into symptoms and giving guidance on how to manage them. They can also refer you to an expert if needed. They may refer you to an expert in respiratory medicine to look at your symptoms and examine your breathing.

Signs and symptoms

The symptoms of mesothelioma can differ depending on the type. This is because mesothelioma varieties are classified by the location where the cancer begins within the body and how it spreads.

Mesotheliomas may develop in the lining surrounding the lung (pleura) that is lining the heart (pericardium), or lining the abdomen (peritoneum). Mesothelioma symptoms include chest pain, difficulty breathing, fluid buildup and weight loss.


Asbestos fibers can cause irritation to the pleura (lung lining) and cause abnormal cells to form. As time passes, these cells may turn into tumors that grow out of control. Mesothelioma can also affect other parts of the body with similar linings, such as the abdominal cavity and reproductive organs.

It can take some time before symptoms begin to manifest. This could lead to a late diagnosis. Often patients are only diagnosed with mesothelioma if it has advanced and is life-threatening. This is due to the fact that mesothelioma's latency time is between 20-40 years after exposure and the manifestation of cancer.

There are three common mesothelioma treatment options: radiation, surgery and chemotherapy. The doctor will advise you on the best treatment for your particular situation. The type of treatment you are offered is contingent on the extent to which your cancer has been able to spread.

Surgery: Doctors remove any cancerous tissue during the surgical procedure. They can also perform the combination of procedures to treat mesothelioma. The type of surgery depends on the location and size of the mesothelioma.

Radiation: Doctors may employ high-energy X-rays and other forms of radiation to kill mesothelioma cells or stop the growth of mesothelioma cells. This kind of treatment may be administered externally or internal.

Chemotherapy: Doctors can prescribe chemotherapy pills or liquids to shrink cancerous cells, or stop the spread of cancer. Chemotherapy can be used by itself or in combination with other treatments, such as radiation and surgery.

If you or someone you love suffers from mesothelioma, it's important to see an expert as soon as possible. Bring our no-cost Symptoms Checklist to your appointment, and speak with your doctor about the symptoms.

Diagnosis

In the past, doctors utilized different tests to determine mesothelioma. These tests include physical examinations, lab work and imaging scans. They will also look over the patient's medical history and work history to check for indications of exposure to asbestos.

The first step in identifying mesothelioma involves a physical examination by a physician. This involves asking about symptoms and looking for lumps. Doctors also look for the patient's mesothelioma type that includes epithelial, sarcomatoid or biphasic. These types are based upon the cells that make up each kind of tumor.

Mesothelioma can be difficult to detect. It typically affects the pleura (a thin layer that lines the lungs and chest cavity). It may also affect the peritoneum which is a thin layer of tissue that lines the stomach and the intestines. It can cause coughing, breathlessness and abdominal pain. In some instances mesothelioma, it can expand to other organs like the heart.

A biopsy is the best method to confirm mesothelioma. A doctor will remove a small amount of mesothelioma and sends it to a lab for testing. The lab looks for mesothelioma cancer cells as well as other kinds of cancer.

If the biopsy is positive for mesothelioma, doctors will conduct tests to determine the type of cancer cells. This allows them to select the best treatment.

Other tests include an X scan or CT scan that looks for asbestos in the lung lining, calcium deposits, or signs of Mesothelioma such as a pleural fluid effusion. They can also run blood tests to see if there are any abnormalities like anemia or low levels of certain antibodies, which indicate mesothelioma.

Other imaging tests include MRI and PET scans, which make use of radio waves and magnets to create detailed images. They can help doctors identify mesothelioma that has spread to the lungs as well as other areas such as the diaphragm muscle (a dome-shaped muscle that divides the chest from the abdomen). They can also show how far the cancer has spread. They can also look for mesothelioma in the lymph nodes. Doctors can do this by inserting a telescope into the windpipe -- or trachea. This procedure is known as mediastinoscopy and is performed under conscious sedation.

Treatment

The cancer is difficult to treat, because it usually develops later and is already common when it is first discovered. The goal of treatment is to lessen symptoms and improve quality of life. A mesothelioma specialist can assist people find the right treatment program for them.

A mesothelioma doctor will have an entire team of specialists who work together to provide treatment. The team could comprise an GP who is responsible for the overall health of a patient and a respiratory physician who studies the symptoms of lung disease and treats it, an interventional radiologist who uses images to guide needles or other instruments for draining fluids or removing tissue to determine the cause an issue, a surgeon who is able to perform surgery or other operations for lung diseases or the chest and a medical oncologist that prescribes chemotherapy drugs, such as.

If mesothelioma has been identified, further tests may be done to see if it has spread to other areas of the body. This could include an CT scan or MRI FDG-positron emission tomography (to look for the movement mesothelioma cell) and a biopsy taken from a tissue sample that was removed during surgery.

If a patient is diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma of the pleural, they will likely require a surgical procedure to relieve breathlessness due to fluid build-up. This could be a procedure referred to as VATS (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) where a portion of the linings of the lung and chest wall are removed to reduce fluid build-up. In certain instances, a tube might be put into the chest to drain the fluid regularly at home.

Surgery is not necessary for benign mesothelioma. Instead, doctors might opt to use palliative treatments like painkillers to ease symptoms or explore other treatments that don't involve surgery.

Clinical trials are being conducted because mesothelioma, a rare cancer and under investigation, is being tested. These trials could lead to improved treatments for mesothelioma patients. The decision to take part in a clinical trial is not taken lightly, as the risks of treatment are often serious. This is the reason it is crucial for mesothelioma patients or their families to discuss their options with a mesothelioma expert.

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