Notes

what research title would you name this given the following information "Approximately 250,000 Canadians suffer an ACL injury annually and a number of neuromuscular, biomechanical, and morphological variables have been identified as injury risk predictors and assessment criteria for return to activity [1]. These movement parameters are affected by a number of factors such as age, pathology, and sex that are commonly considered in the design of experiments. However, race has not be adequately considered in movement biomechanics research [2]. This is problematic, given the disparities in musculoskeletal injuries among Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour (BIPOC) compared to Caucasian populations [2, 3, 4, 5]. In a first of its kind study, Hill et al. [2] identified significant

differences in gait parameters between African Americans and White Americans. However, no previous studies have investigated racial differences in biomechanical outcomes in response to the tasks commonly used to assess injury risk and return to activity. This suggests that BIPOC groups are under-represented in the normative neuromuscular and biomechanical benchmarks traditionally used to predict injury and evaluate return to activity, thus creating divisions in quality of care. This research aims to quantify biomechanical and morphological differences to improve injury reduction and return to activity in BIPOC groups. Research Outlooks

Purpose of the project: Quarter Million Canadians have ACL injuries and we want to reduce it. Ultimately we found NM, Biomechanical, & Morphological variables when it comes to injury risk & assessment in criteria to return.

We know sex and age are key factors when it comes to acl injuries but race isnt as much explored and we should since studies show specific race have benefits.

Black and white have difference gait parameters;
Racial differences in gait mechanics
A study was conducted to investigate the racial differences in gait mechanics between African Americans (AA) and white Americans (WA) in order to address racial health disparities in musculoskeletal injuries and diseases.
The study found that African Americans had slower self-selected walking speed compared to white Americans.
Males in both racial groups had longer steps, larger peak knee flexion, and larger ankle plantarflexion angles compared to females.
The findings highlight the importance of considering racial diversity in research and individualized treatment protocols for musculoskeletal injuries and diseases.

Tendon injuries between races
Racial Differences in Major Tendon Injuries in US Military Members
-A study investigated the effect of race on major tendon injuries in US military members using the U.S. Defense Medical Epidemiology Database (DMED).
-The study found that black service members had a significantly higher rate of major tendon rupture compared to white service members for quadriceps, patellar, and Achilles tendon tears.
-The adjusted rate ratio for black service members compared to white service members was 2.89 for quadriceps tendon tears, 4.52 for patellar tendon tears, and 3.58 for Achilles tendon tears.
-Further investigation of the racial differences in risk factors for major tendon injuries is needed.



Differences in Perioperative Outcomes and Complications Between African American and White Patients After Total Joint Arthroplasty - PubMed
A retrospective analysis of over 7,000 primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA) procedures was conducted to examine the influence of race on perioperative outcomes and complications.
African American (AA) patients were found to be younger, had a longer length of stay, and were more likely to experience septic complications and manipulation under anesthesia compared to white patients.
AA patients were also less likely to be discharged home and more likely to be discharged to a facility.
The study identified AA race as an independent risk factor and suggests the need for targeted interventions to address the disparity.

Differences in Medial and Lateral Posterior Tibial Slope: An Osteological Review
This study aimed to establish normative values for the medial and lateral posterior tibial slope (TS) and determine differences between ages, sexes, and races.
The medial TS was found to be greater than the lateral TS, and there were significant sex- and race-based differences in TS.
Women had a greater mean TS compared with men, and black specimens had a greater mean TS compared with white specimens.
Axial rotation was shown to increase the perception of the medial and lateral TS.

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3 population
(indigenous, black and white)
As this research aims to quantify biomechanical and morphological differences to improve injury reduction and return to activity in BIPOC groups


How will this be done?
→ 10 participants from each race will collect data via muscle activation (8 LE muscles), motion analysis and ground reaction forces bilaterally.

Instruments include motionless capture system (quantify joint kinematics) and process in visual 3d.
Include motion tracker system aswell.
Include bilateral surface electromyographs using Qualysis software QTM
→ Also examining tissue mri analysis post data will be preferred.


What is the protocol? Functional Testing ; Collect MVIC then ask to do variety of tasks like ground walking at a self-selected pace, drop vertical jump, in-line lunge, and step-up and a cutting task. Each task will be performed 3 times, with the data averaged over the 3 cycles.

For MRI→ We get the participants to go to MRI imagining centre. Important to look at analysis to quantify common morphological variables


The potential benefits are to improve our knowledge surrounding biomechanical and morphological differences between Indigenous, Black, and Caucasian Canadian participants to improve injury reduction and return to activity in BIPOC communities.

This research project is crucial due to the underexplored impact of race on ACL injury risk and recovery within BIPOC communities. With significant racial disparities in injury rates, this study aims to uncover how biomechanical and morphological differences affect injury vulnerability and return to activity. By including Indigenous, Black, and Caucasian participants, the research seeks to bridge the gap in normative benchmarks and develop possible tailored strategies for injury prevention and rehabilitation, thus promoting inclusivity and equitable healthcare outcomes.